心理与行为研究

心理与行为研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 577-584.

• 基础心理学 •    下一篇

基于汉字搜索的情景线索效应研究

朱欢1,2, 谢肖蔚1,2, 戴喆如2, 唐小雅2, 臧健3, 吴娇1,2, 臧学莲1,2,4   

  1. 1. 杭州师范大学附属医院认知与脑疾病研究中心，杭州 310015;
    2. 杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院，杭州 311121;
    3. 定远县第二中学，滁州 233203;
    4. 浙江省认知障碍评估技术研究重点实验室，杭州 310015
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-08 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 臧学莲，E-mail：zangxuelian@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（32071042）；杭州师范大学科研启动经费（RWSK20190315）；留学回国人员（团队）在杭创业创新项目（4045C5062000616）；杭州市医学重点学科建设项目

Semantic Information Takes Precedence over Spatial Location and Glyph Feature in Contextual Cueing with Chinese Characters

ZHU Huan1,2, XIE Xiaowei1,2, DAI Zheru2, TANG Xiaoya2, ZANG Jian3, WU Jiao1,2, ZANG Xuelian1,2,4   

  1. 1. Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015;
    2. Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121;
    3. Dingyuan No.2 Middle School, Chuzhou 233203;
    4. Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou 310015
  • Received:2020-12-08 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-09-20

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摘要： 个体通过学习目标−场景联结关系提高搜索速度的现象即为情景线索效应。本研究以高频（包含丰富语义线索）或低频（语义线索少）汉字为实验材料考察语义、字形特征、空间位置线索的作用。结果显示个体可以学习字集−位置重复场景产生情景线索效应，且该效应在改变高频字集的空间线索而非字集线索或改变低频字集线索而非空间线索时可迁移，表明在情景线索学习中，语义线索占据优先地位，其次是空间线索，最后是字形特征线索。

关键词: 视觉搜索, 情景线索效应, 汉字语义线索, 空间位置线索, 字形特征线索

Abstract: During visual search, humans are able to improve their search performance through learning constant associations among the targets and the scenes in which the targets are typically presented in, that is, contextual cueing effect. This study used high-frequency (contains rich semantic cues) or low-frequency (contains less semantic cues) characters as the visual search item to investigate the role of Chinese characters’ features including, semantic meaning, orthography, and spatial location in contextual learning. In the initial learning session, participants viewed either repeated search displays with both the characters and their locations maintained constant or novel displays with both characters and location varied randomly. In a subsequent test session, either characters or spatial locations were randomly varied to examine whether a change on the semantics or the spatial locations would affect the transfer of the learned contextual cueing effect (if any). The results showed significant contextual learning effects in both experiments. Most importantly, the high-frequency characters that consisted of both semantic and orthographic qualities maintained contextual cueing effects that could be transferred when the spatial location of the characters changed but not when the characters semantics or orthography were changed. In contrast, low-frequency characters that mainly contain orthographic qualities (semantic being too complicated), had a contextual cueing effect that could be transferred when characters changed form (spatial location maintained) but not when spatial location changed (character maintained). The results suggest that the spatial locations are more important than the orthographic context when semantics are less important, but semantic context is the most important when semantics, orthography and spatial location are all presented at the same time. In other words, in Chinese character based contextual learning, semantics plays a dominant role, followed by spatial context and finally orthographic context.

Key words: visual search, contextual cueing effect, Chinese characters’ semantic cues, spatial location cues, glyph feature cues

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