高低拖延者的跨期选择差异：基于ERP的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用跨期选择任务，运用ERP技术考察了高低拖延者的跨期选择差异。结果发现：高低拖延组的反应时不存在显著差异，但高拖延组选择即时选项的概率显著高于低拖延组；低拖延组被试在N1成分上出现了右偏侧化效应；高拖延组的P2峰值显著低于低拖延组，且在损失情景下出现了更大的LPP波幅，而低拖延组正好相反。这说明高拖延组被试更加偏好即时奖励，同时在实验任务中投入了更少的注意资源，并且对消极情绪体验的唤醒度更高。

关键词: 拖延, 跨期选择, ERP, P2

Abstract: The study emploied intertemporal choice task and event-related potential (ERP) technology to investigate the inter-temporal choice differences between high and low procrastinators. The result demonstrated that high procrastinators showed a preference for the present reward. Participants in the low procrastination group were shown to have a significant right-lateralization effect on the N1 component, but no effect in the high procrastination group. This implies that the high procrastinators pay less attention to resources in their tasks and their decisions are more impulsive. In high procrastination group, the LPP amplitude was higher in the case of the loss scenario, while the low procrastination group was higher in the gain scenario. This indicate that the high procrastination group has higher arousal to negative emotions, while the low delay group has higher arousal level of positive emotion.

Key words: procrastination, intertemporal choice, event-related potential, P2

中图分类号:

B842.5

倪亚琨, 赵君哲, 李巧灵, 郭腾飞, 王明辉. 高低拖延者的跨期选择差异：基于ERP的研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(6): 831-839.

NI Yakun, ZHAO Junzhe, LI Qiaoling, GUO Tengfei, WANG Minghui. An ERP Study on Intertemporal Choice Differences Between High and Low Procrastinators[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(6): 831-839.

参考文献

黄希庭. (1994). 未来时间的心理结构. 心理学报, 26(2), 121-127
林琳. (2017). 拖延行为的干预:计划行为理论和实施意向的影响. 心理学报, 49(7), 953-965, doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2017.00953
刘雷, 赵伟华, 冯廷勇. (2012). 跨期选择的认知机制与神经基础. 心理科学, 35(1), 56-61, doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2012.01.012
龙长权, 李晓芳, 雷怡. (2017). 类别归纳中典型性效应的ERP反应. 中国科学:生命科学, 47(3), 325-340, doi:10.1360/N052016-00297
宋梅歌, 苏缇, 冯廷勇. (2015). 拖延行为的时间取向模型. 心理科学进展, 23(7), 1216-1225, doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.01216
张顺民, 冯廷勇. (2017). 拖延的决策模型. 心理科学, 40(5), 1242-1247, doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20170533
Balkis, M., & Duru, E. (2016). Procrastination, self-regulation failure, academic life satisfaction, and affective well-being:Underregulation or misregulation form. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 31(3), 439-459, doi:10.1007/s10212-015-0266-5.
Chen, B. B., & Qu, W. X. (2017). Life history strategies and procrastination:The role of environmental unpredictability. Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 23-29, doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.036.
Coslett, H. B., Schwartz, M. F., Goldberg, G., Haas, D., & Perkins, J. (1993). Multi-modal hemispatial deficits after left hemisphere stroke:A disorder of attention? Brain, 116(3), 527-554, doi:10.1093/brain/116.3.527.
Cunningham, W. A., Espinet, S. D., DeYoung, C. G., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Attitudes to the right-and left:Frontal ERP asymmetries associated with stimulus valence and processing goals. Neuroimage, 28(4), 827-834, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.044.
Delaney, L., Denny, K., Rawdon, C., Zhang, W., & Roche, R. A. P. (2008). Event-related potentials reveal differential brain regions implicated in discounting in two tasks. Ireland:School of Economics, University College Dublin.
Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O'Donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference:A critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 351-401, doi:10.1257/002205102320161311.
Glick, D. M., & Orsillo, S. M. (2015). An investigation of the efficacy of acceptance-based behavioral therapy for academic procrastination. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 144(2), 400-409, doi:10.1037/xge0000050.
Grunschel, C., Schwinger, M., Steinmayr, R., & Fries, S. (2016). Effects of using motivational regulation strategies on students' academic procrastination, academic performance, and well-being. Learning and Individual Differences, 49, 162-170, doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.008.
Gustavson, D. E., Miyake, A., Hewitt, J. K., & Friedman, N. P. (2014). Genetic relations among procrastination, impulsivity, and goal-management ability:Implications for the evolutionary origin of procrastination. Psychological Science, 25(6), 1178-1188, doi:10.1177/0956797614526260.
Hajcak, G., Weinberg, A., MacNamara, A., & Foti, D. (2012). ERPs and the study of emotion. In S. J. Luck, & E. S. Kappenman (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of event-related potential components (pp. 441-472). New York, NY, US:Oxford University Press.
He, J. M., Huang, X. T., Yuan, H., & Chen, Y. G. (2012). Neural activity in relation to temporal distance:Differences in past and future temporal discounting. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(4), 1662-1672, doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.08.006.
Herbert, C., Deutsch, R., Platte, P., & Pauli, P. (2013). No fear, no panic:Probing negation as a means for emotion regulation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(6), 654-661, doi:10.1093/scan/nss043.
Hillyard, S. A., & Anllo-Vento, L. (1998). Event-related brain potentials in the study of visual selective attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(3), 781-787, doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.781.
Jha, A. P. (2002). Tracking the time-course of attentional involvement in spatial working memory:An event-related potential investigation. Cognitive Brain Research, 15(1), 61-69, doi:10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00216-1.
Lay, C. H. (1986). At last, my research article on procrastination. Journal of Research in Personality, 20(4), 474-495, doi:10.1016/0092-6566(86)90127-3.
Lebreton, M., Bertoux, M., Boutet, C., Lehericy, S., Dubois, B., Fossati, P., & Pessiglione, M. (2013). A critical role for the hippocampus in the valuation of imagined outcomes. PLoS Biology, 11(10), e1001684, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001684.
Li, J. Z., Gui, D. Y., Feng, C. L., Wang, W. Z., Du, B. Q., Gan, T., & Luo, Y. J. (2012). Victims' time discounting 2.5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake:An ERP study. PLoS One, 7(7), e40316, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040316.
Liu, L., Feng, T. Y., Chen, J., & Li, H. (2013). The value of emotion:How does episodic prospection modulate delay discounting? PLoS One, 8(11), e81717, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081717.
Liu, L., Feng, T. Y., Suo, T., Lee, K., & Li, H. (2012). Adapting to the destitute situations:Poverty cues lead to short-term choice. PLoS One, 7(4), e33950, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033950.
Liu, P. W., & Feng, T. Y. (2017). The overlapping brain region accounting for the relationship between procrastination and impulsivity:A voxel-based morphometry study. Neuroscience, 360, 9-17, doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.042.
Mangun, G. R., & Hillyard, S. A. (1991). Modulations of sensory-evoked brain potentials indicate changes in perceptual processing during visual-spatial priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 17(4), 1057-1074, doi:10.1037/0096-1523.17.4.1057.
McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Separate neural systems value, immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science, 306(5695), 503-507, doi:10.1126/science.1100907.
Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification:Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106(1), 3-19, doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.1.3.
Nguyen, B., Steel, P., & Ferrari, J. R. (2013). Procrastination's impact in the workplace and the workplace's impact on procrastination. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 21(4), 388-399, doi:10.1111/ijsa.12048.
Polosan, M., Baciu, M., Cousin, E., Perrone, M., Pichat, C., & Bougerol, T. (2011). An fMRI study of the social competition in healthy subjects. Brain and Cognition, 77(3), 401-411, doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.08.018.
Procee, R., Kamphorst, B., van Wissen, A., & Meyer, J. J. C. (2013). A formal model of procrastination. Proceedings of the 25th Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 152-159), Delft, The Netherlands:Delft University of Technology.
Read, D., Frederick, S., & Airoldi, M. (2012). Four days later in Cincinnati:Longitudinal tests of hyperbolic discounting. Acta Psychologica, 140(2), 177-185, doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.02.010.
Reuben, E., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2015). Procrastination and impatience. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 58, 63-76, doi:10.1016/j.socec.2015.07.005.
Schupp, H. T., Cuthbert, B. N., Bradley, M. M., Cacioppo, J. T., Ito, T., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Affective picture processing:The late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance. Psychophysiology, 37(2), 257-261, doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3720257.
Sigall, H., Kruglanski, A. W., & Fyock, J. (2000). Wishful thinking and procrastination. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 283-296.
Sirois, F., & Pychyl, T. (2013). Procrastination and the priority of short-term mood regulation:Consequences for future self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(2), 115-127, doi:10.1111/spc3.12011.
Sirois, F. M. (2014). Out of sight, out of time? A meta-analytic investigation of procrastination and time perspective. European Journal of Personality, 28(5), 511-520, doi:10.1002/per.1947.
Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2010). "I'll go to therapy, eventually":Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 175-180, doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.028.
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination:A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94, doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65.
Tanaka, S. C., Yamada, K., Yoneda, H., & Ohtake, F. (2014). Neural mechanisms of gain-loss asymmetry in temporal discounting. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(16), 5595-5602, doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5169-12.2014.
Wu, H. Y., Gui, D. Y., Lin, W. Z., Gu, R. L., Zhu, X. R., & Liu, X. (2016). The procrastinators want it now:Behavioral and event-related potential evidence of the procrastination of intertemporal choices. Brain and Cognition, 107, 16-23, doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2016.06.005.
Wu, Y., Li, L., Yuan, B. K., & Tian, X. H. (2016). Individual differences in resting-state functional connectivity predict procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 95, 62-67, doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.016.
Yang, J., Guan, L. L., Dedovic, K., Qi, M. M., & Zhang, Q. L. (2012). The neural correlates of implicit self-relevant processing in low self-esteem:An ERP study. Brain Research, 1471, 75-80, doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.033.
Yuan, Y. R., Leung, A. W. S., Duan, H. X., Zhang, L., Zhang, K., Wu, J. H., & Qin, S. Z. (2016). The effects of long-term stress on neural dynamics of working memory processing:An investigation using ERP. Scientific Reports, 6, 23217, doi:10.1038/srep23217.
Zhang, W. W., Wang, X. P., & Feng, T. Y. (2016). Identifying the neural substrates of procrastination:A resting-state fMRI study. Scientific Reports, 6, 33023, doi:10.1038/srep33203.

[1]	钟伟芳, 郭永兴. 悲伤表情识别能力影响疼痛共情—一项ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 585-592.
[2]	曾玲娟, 江丽晶, 彭叶. 家庭环境和教师支持对中学生学业拖延的影响：基本心理需求满足与心理资本的链式中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(4): 501-507.
[3]	张政华, 张航, 王兵, 郑子龙, 赵黎明, 李卫君. 不同任务下声调和韵母在诗句中的加工过程——来自ERP的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 728-735.
[4]	李昀松, 陈启杨, 吴岩, 李天虹, 段如君. 形旁在形声字识别中的优势作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 439-446.
[5]	贾磊, 陆家豪, 王逸, 张常洁. 权力概念隐喻映射中的冲突控制：特征与过程[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 417-423.
[6]	孙霁, 孙沛. 大小数量加工机制分离现象的ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(1): 1-7.
[7]	孔令跃, 张豹. 汉字亚词汇部件语音加工的P200效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(3): 304-310.
[8]	马利军, 梁俊煜, 马云霄. 谐音线索和“歇后”时间对谐音型歇后语理解的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(3): 325-331.
[9]	李骋诗, 白学军, 王永胜. 映射具体性和语境线索对新颖隐喻加工的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(2): 153-160.
[10]	刘芳芳, 姜英杰. 主题与类属关系的距离对分类和属性推理过程的影响：来自ERP的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 24-30.
[11]	岳鹏飞, 史梦梦, 刘旭, 白学军. 词汇的唤醒度对情绪标注效应的影响—ERPs研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 31-38.
[12]	李恒平, 何胜昔, 刘正奎. 快速阅读训练对基于视觉定向搜索的注意力影响：ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 78-84.
[13]	王春梅, 吕勇. 高、低回避性消极情绪影响抑制功能的神经机制：ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(5): 577-582.
[14]	侯友, 七十三. 蒙语词汇识别中正字法加工的进程和作用：ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(5): 583-588.
[15]	田宏杰. 完美主义高标准对大学生拖延行为的影响：链式中介效应分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(5): 668-674.