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    Effects of Media and Distributed Information on Collaborative Concept-Learning
    Fu Xiaolan, Tan Jing
    Studies of Psychology and Behavior    2005, 3 (4): 248-255.  
    Abstract367)      PDF(pc) (279KB)(26158)       Save
    The present study explores the effects of media and distributed information on the performance of remotely located pairs of people′s completing a concept-learning task. Sixty pairs performed a concept-learning task using either audio-only or audio-plus-video for communication. The distribution of information includes three levels: with totally same information, with partly same information, and with totally different information. The subjects′ primary psychological functions were also considered in this study. The results showed a significant main effect of the amount of information shared by the subjects on the number of the negative instances selected by the subjects, and a significant main effect of media on the time taken by the subjects to complete the task.
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    The Relationship Between Mobile Phone Addiction and Subjective Well-being in College Students: The Mediating Effect of Social Anxiety
    Li Zongbo, Wang Tingting, Liang Yin, Wang Minghui
    Studies of Psychology and Behavior    2017, 15 (4): 562-568.  
    Abstract2061)      PDF(pc) (886KB)(13042)       Save
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of mobile phone addiction of college students on subjective well-being, and the mediating effect of social anxiety in era of mobile internet. 598 college students were investigated with the Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, Social Anxiety Scale(IAS)and Campbell Well-being Scale for college students in Jiangsu province. The results showed that: 1)There are significant differences in gender and grade of college students' mobile phone addiction; 2)College students' mobile phone addiction has a significant negative effect on subjective well-being, and has a significant positive effect on social anxiety; 3)Social anxiety has a significant negative effect on subjective well-being, and social anxiety plays a mediating role between the mobile phone addiction and subjective well-being. Thus, mobile phone addiction can not only directly result in the reducing of subjective well-being, but also further influence subjective well-being through social anxiety.
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    EYE MOVEMENT STUDIES OF CHINESE READING
    Yan Guoli, Bai Xuejun
       2007, 5 (3): 229-234.  
    Abstract4364)      PDF(pc) (583KB)(10935)       Save
       The present paper systematically reviewed the eye movement studies of the processing of Chinese words, sentences, discourses and different types of articles home and abroad. The paper briefly discussed the current de?鄄velopments and developmental trends of this research field.
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    The Effect of Morpheme Frequency on Chinese Compound Word Recognition---Evidences From Intermediate Indonesian-Chinese Learners
    CHEN Lin, XU Guiping, WENG Feifei
    Studies of Psychology and Behavior    2018, 16 (2): 145-149.  
    Abstract514)      PDF(pc) (497KB)(8803)       Save
    The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of morpheme frequency on compound word recognition for intermediate Indonesian-Chinese learners by using a word decision task. The study found that morpheme frequency affected Chinese compound word recognition for intermediate Indonesian-Chinese learners. In addition, the morpheme frequency effect was modulated by the position of morpheme. High frequency of initial morpheme gave rise to higher word decision accuracy than low frequency. The effect of final morpheme frequency on word recognition was modulated by the frequency of the initial morpheme. Final morpheme frequency affected word recognition only when the initial morpheme frequency was high. No significant effect was found when the initial morpheme frequency was low. The results supported that intermediate non-native Chinese learners have established morphemic representation with vocabulary development, and the frequency of initial morpheme played a more important role in Chinese compound word recognition than final morpheme.
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    The Development Counterfactual Emotion and its Influential Factors of Children From 5 to 12 Years
    Tong Wei,Yang Ze,Yao Chunrong
    Studies of Psychology and Behavior    2013, 11 (6): 774-779.  
    Abstract492)      PDF(pc) (2381KB)(8606)       Save
    This study mainly explored the cause of counterfactual emotion and its influential factors. In experiment 1,self-other factor and situation factor were set as independent variables to explore the two factors’ effect on the counterfactual emotion as the dependent variable. The results of experiment 1 showed that children from senior classes of kindergarten can experience regret and relief. Only preschool students are influenced by self-other factor, and subjects preformaned differently in different situation. In the experiment 2,by setting the situations,we contrasted counterfactual emotional strength of the children who had expecting outcome and that of the subjects who have no expecting outcome. The results of experiment 2 showed that whether or not having expectations would indeed influence the subjects’ initial emotional experiences.
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    Developmental Research of the Concept of Much and Few Number
    Yin Guo′en, Li Yingxia, Wang Min
       2006, 4 (4): 246-251.  
    Abstract3604)      PDF(pc) (774KB)(6889)       Save
    In the current research, the task of number discrimination was used to investigate the development of the concept of much and few. The numbers of 2 to 30 and 5 to 100 dots were presented to the subjects. The result showed that: on the condition of 5-100 dot numbers, the discrimination of much and few numbers is developed with age; the age from 7 to 9 is a critical period of developing concept of much and few numbers; the children discriminate much and few numbers relatively; on the two conditions of the research, the critical value and the discrimination of much and few numbers become the most numbers of the stimulated dots of 2/3, 1/3 and 1/2 increasingly, but the undefined distance of discriminating much and few numbers is in the range of 1/3 stimulat?鄄ed dots or less than 1/3.
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    THE CHINESE VERSION OF ALMOST PERFECT SCALE-REVISED
    Yang Li1,2, Liang Baoyong1, Zhang Xiuge1,3, Wu Yuchen1,2
       2007, 5 (2): 139-144.  
    Abstract8095)      PDF(pc) (591KB)(6555)       Save
    In the current study, the Chinese Version of Almost Perfect Scale-Revised(APS-R)is developed and its re?鄄liability and validity are examined. 1174 college students participate the first test and 321 students participate the retest. The internal consistency reliability is 0.823. The retest reliability is from 0.677 to 0.716.The split-half reliability is from 0.661 to 0.834. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis offer support for the 3 subscales of the APS-R: High Standards, Order, and Discrepancy. The High Standards of APS-R and measures of self-es?鄄teem, self-efficacy and positive affect are positively correlated. The Discrepancy and measures of depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety and negative affect are negatively correlated. The revised Chinese Version of Almost Perfect Scale-Revised(APS-R)with acceptable validities and reliabilities can be applied in perfectionism research areas and psychotherapy and counseling fields.
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    BRAIN REACTION DIFFERENCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
    Yang Lizhu1, Dong Guangheng1, Jin Xinli1,2
       2007, 5 (3): 224-228.  
    Abstract4262)      PDF(pc) (532KB)(5414)       Save
    Emotional activities are always accompanied by biological changes. Positive emotions and negative emotions have different biological foundations as a consequence of evolution. The present paper summarized recent research on the brain mechanism of emotion, and discussed existing conclusions and controversies. In the end, we pro?鄄posed that in the near future, the research on emotion sensitive measure, brain function localization and emotion adjustment will significantly facilitate the understanding of human emotion.
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    DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STUDIES OF PREJUDICE
    Zhang Zhongxue, Song Juan
       2007, 5 (2): 150-155.  
    Abstract5722)      PDF(pc) (622KB)(5287)       Save
       This article refers to the conclusions and prospects of prejudice which is in the social psychology domain, including the origin, form and elimination of prejudice. The article also concerns some new theories and methods of prejudice and new findings of sex prejudice, ethnocentrism and cultural prejudice.
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    The Automaticity of Adults' Spatial Perspective-taking
    ZUO Tingting, HU Qingfen
    Studies of Psychology and Behavior    2018, 16 (2): 170-179.  
    Abstract309)      PDF(pc) (1111KB)(4814)       Save
    In this study, we designed a new spatial perspective-taking task to examine the automaticity of adults' spatial perspective-taking. The results showed that in the other task, as the angular disparity between the doll and the subject increased, the response time and error rate increased. In the self task, the correct rate was higher when the spatial relationship was consistent than when the spatial relationship was inconsistent, and the consistency effect between 150° and 180° was not significant. Besides, in the self task, as the angular disparity between the doll and the subject increased, the response time increased. At the same time, the interaction between the spatial relationship between the ball and the doll and the consistency of the spatial relationship was not significant. These results indicate that this spatial perspective-taking task is effective for adults. Besides, adults can take the spatial perspective automatically. Finally, the angular disparity between the doll and the subjects influences the automaticity of adults' spatial perspective-taking, and the spatial relationship between the ball and the doll doesn't influence the automaticity of adults' spatial perspective-taking. The results above prove that the spatial perspective can be processed automatically for the first time.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONELINESS, COPING STRATEGIES AND TEMPERAMENT IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
    Deng Lifang1, Wang Rui2, Zheng Richang2
       2007, 5 (2): 120-126.  
    Abstract5117)      PDF(pc) (688KB)(4478)       Save
    In this study, we explored the relationship between loneliness, coping strategies and temperament in 453 col?鄄lege students with questionnaire. The results suggest that multiple differences in gender, source, and major were found in loneliness and coping strategies scores. Loneliness correlated significantly with most factors of coping strategies and temperament. There is good regression relation between loneliness, coping strategies and temperament.
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    ADOLESCENT AGGRESSIVENESS QUESTIONNAIRE
    Pan Qimin, Zhang Wei
       2007, 5 (1): 41-46.  
    Abstract4984)      PDF(pc) (669KB)(4369)       Save
    The purpose of the research is to develop the Adolescent Aggressiveness Questionnaire(AAQ)fit for Chinese adolescents based on adolescent aggressiveness theory, adolescent aggressiveness expression, research results of foreign countries, and expert assessing. The dimensions and structure of the AAQ were examined through ex?鄄ploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA). At the same time, the characteristic of adolescent aggressiveness and the relation between adolescent aggressiveness and family background variables, popularity in class were examined. The results showed: 1)AAQ was made up with aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition and aggressive emotions. Aggressive behavior had three factors: verbal aggression, physical aggression and self-aggression. 2)The internal consistency reliabilities(Cronbach′s alphas)and the relation between factors and scales, questionnaire, and the relations between scales and questionnaire were summarized. The content valid?鄄ity, structure validity, and concrete validity of the AAQ were examined. The findings showed reliabilities and va?鄄lidities were adequate to excellent.
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    The Time Course of Graphic, Phonological and Semantic Activation of Chinese High-and-Low Frequency Characters
    Chen Baoguo1, Wang Lixin1, Peng Danling2
       2006, 4 (4): 252-257.  
    Abstract3972)      PDF(pc) (774KB)(4318)       Save
    Using priming category judgment task which based on the graphic information of Chinese characters, the time course of graphic, phonological, semantic activation was investigated in the recognition of Chinese high-and-low frequency characters. The results suggested that the printed frequency of Chinese character influences the time course of graphic, phonological and semantic activation. For high frequency characters, graphic information is activated firstly and semantic information is available more quickly than phonological information. For low fre?鄄quency characters, graphic information is activated firstly, phonological and semantic activation can not be sepa?鄄rated obviously. The frequency effects may be explained by variations in the frequency functions that establish connection strengths among the orthography, phonology and semantic constituents in the mental lexicon.
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    THE RELATIONS BETWEEN UNDERGRADUATES′ SELF-ESTEEM AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
    Zhang Qi, Wang Jin
       2007, 5 (2): 93-99.  
    Abstract6227)      PDF(pc) (659KB)(4292)       Save
    SES scale and self-compiled questionnaire ″Undergraduates Social Support Questionnaire″ were used to test 370 undergraduates to explore the relations between their self-esteem and social support. The results showed: Un?鄄dergraduates′ self-esteem from city was significantly higher than those from country. Female undergraduates′ so?鄄cial supports were significantly higher than male undergraduates′. The social supports from sophomores were sig?鄄nificantly lower than those from juniors and seniors. Undergraduates′ self-esteem was significantly positively cor?鄄related with the three sorts of social supports which contained the structure of social support(classmates and friends′ support, family support, lovers′ support, teachers′ support), the properties of social support(emotional support, company support, tangible support, informational support, evaluation of support). The total of social sup?鄄port, emotional support, classmates and friends′ support were positive predictors of undergraduates′ self-esteem. The higher self-esteem of undergraduates was showed, the more degrees of social supports were received. Under?鄄graduates′ self-esteem had interaction with social support.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
    You Jin, Guo Yongyu
       2007, 5 (1): 65-69.  
    Abstract4306)      PDF(pc) (558KB)(4280)       Save
    The current research aimed to explore the relationships among college students′ personality, social support and subjective well-being using questionnaire survey. The results showed: 1)there was no gender difference on college students′ subjective well-being; 2)college students of different personality types had significantly different subjective well-being: the sanguine ones had the highest subjective well-being, while the melancholy people had the lowest subjective well-being; 3)although personality types varied, all the college students′ subjective well-be?鄄ing increased with social support equally; 4)neuroticism, extraversion, out-family social support were stronger pre?鄄dictors for subjective well-being but the relationship between extraversion and subjective well-being was mediated by out-family social support.
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    THE WAYS HOW TO SEARCH FOREIGN FULL TEXT OF JOURNALS ON INTERNET
    Shi Quansheng
       2007, 5 (2): 156-160.  
    Abstract6667)      PDF(pc) (540KB)(3668)       Save
    The ways to search foreign psychological journals on internet are discussed in this paper. Two ways are as follows: 1)the direct way, namely, the reader searches a variety full text datebase to obtain the resources they want; 2)the indirect way, namely, the reader searches some quotation datebase to browse the topics and abstracts firstly, then they asks some resource service framework or other libraries to obtain the journals they wannt.
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    Investigation on Altruistic Motivation of College Students
    Zhang Huiping, Li Hong
       2006, 4 (4): 285-289.  
    Abstract4585)      PDF(pc) (457KB)(3625)       Save
    The main purpose of this study was to describe the altruistic motivation of college students with altruistic motivation scale. The total sample consisted of 1920 college students from five universities in Beijing. The results showed that 57.4 percent of the college students had high level of individualistic altruistic motivation, and 63.2 percent of the college students had high level of altruistic altruistic motivation. Gender, family locus and single child or not have no influence on college students′ individualistic altruistic motivation, and university type, family locus and single child or not have significant influence on college students′ altruistic altruistic motivation.
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    RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ACTIVITY OF 3-TO-5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN AND PARENTING STYLE
    Liu Wen, Xia Mingzhu
       2007, 5 (1): 1-5.  
    Abstract3714)      PDF(pc) (496KB)(3584)       Save
       The relationship between child activity and parenting style was measured in a random sample of 61 3-to-5-year-old children by using the method of lab observation and questionnaire. The results showed that: 1)The children′s temperature and parenting style were related. There were significant differences in permissive and in?鄄dulgent parenting of children with different levels of activity. 2)There was no difference in parenting style of boys with different levels of activity. But there were significant differences in permissive and indulgent parenting of girls with different levels of activity.
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    THE INHIBITORY MECHANISM OF DEPENDENT-INDEPENDENT COGNITIVE STYLES
    Song Guangwen, Han Shujie
       2007, 5 (2): 100-104.  
    Abstract4900)      PDF(pc) (495KB)(3513)       Save
      Stroop interference paradigm was used to investigate the differences of the inhibitory mechanism between the filed dependenct and filed independenct participants. By using GEFT(group embedded figures test), 28 partic?鄄ipants were selected from 71 university students, and there was equal number of 14 students in both field-de?鄄pendent group and field-independent group. In the experiment, the WinPes Phychological Experimental System was applied to present Stroop task. The results showed:(1)People of field-dependent cognitive style inhibited less efficiently the distracting information than those of independent style.(2)In the Stroop task, automatic pro?鄄cessing of the word colors happened, but the automatic degree was relatively low.
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    DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENT MENTAL HEALTH SCALE
    Zheng Richang,Deng Lifang,Zhang Zhonghua,Guo Zhaoliang
    Studies of Psychology and Behavior    2005, 3 (2): 102-108.  
    Abstract861)      PDF(pc) (732KB)(3446)       Save
    On the basis of literature study, case study, expert interview, investigation and so on, this study developed and validated the mental health scale for Chinese college students, and gathered norms for the scale in college students of 182 universities in China. The results indicated that this scale had good reliability and validity, and could be used to assess college students′ mental health.
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    IDENTITY NEGATIVE PRIMING OF UNDERGRADUATES WITH DIFFERENT CREATIVE THINKING ABILITY
    Zhang Lihua1,2, Bai Xuejun2, Zhang Xiuhong3
       2007, 5 (2): 112-115.  
    Abstract5479)      PDF(pc) (502KB)(3270)       Save
       In this research, questionnaire was used to select undergraduates with high and low ability of creative think?鄄ing. The negative priming paradigm was used to examine the identity negative priming on the two groups of the participants and the correlation between the identity negative priming of Chinese characters and creative thinking was examined. The results suggest that the low ability of creative thinking group of undergraduates showed signif?鄄icant identity negative priming than did the high group.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL CONFLICT, ADOLESCENT′S COGNITIVE APPRAISALS AND ADOLESCENT′S SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT
    Yang Ali1,2, Fang Xiaoyi1, Tu Cuiping1, Li Hongju1
       2007, 5 (2): 127-134.  
    Abstract5531)      PDF(pc) (786KB)(3209)       Save
    446 fifth to eighth graders from Liaoyang city were selected to explore the relationship between parental conflict, adolescent′s cognitive appraisals and adolescent′s social adjustment. The result shows:(1)The girls re?鄄ported that parental emotional conflict was significantly more than the boys′ report; The students′ parental conflict related to themselves and children was significantly more serious in Junior high school than the students′ in ele?鄄mentary school;(2)The more parental verbal, physical and emotional conflict, and the more of represented aca?鄄demic problem and problem behavior. Verbal conflict significantly predicted academic problem; Physical conflict significantly predicted depression and problem behavior; Parental conflict related to children significantly negative?鄄ly predicted problem behavior;(3)Children′s cognitive appraisals is a mediator between the relation of parental conflict and children′s internal adjustment, but children′s cognitive appraisals isn′t a mediator between the rela?鄄tion of parental conflict and children′s external adjustment.
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    DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATHEMATICS SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
    Zhang Yongmei
       2007, 5 (1): 31-35.  
    Abstract4339)      PDF(pc) (476KB)(3202)       Save
    Based on the literature about mathematics self-efficacy, the learning content and context of mathematics edu?鄄cation in junior high school in China, the mathematics self-efficacy scale(MSE-S)was developed in this study. Starting from an investigation of 188 students and 53 mathematics instructors with open-ended questions, 44 items were selected for the primary scale. Those items were further tested with 479 students in a format of Lik?鄄ert scale, then 26 items in 3 subscales representing three domains of math-related behavior: math problems solv?鄄ing, completion of math tasks in daily life, and satisfactory performance in courses that require knowledge of mathematics were determined through confirmatory factor analysis and item analysis. The final scale was tested with 350 students, and the result indicated the MSE-S had good reliability and validity, and could be used as a reliable tool in measuring junior high school students for their mathematics self-efficacy.
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    DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS AND STUDENTS′ VIEW ON IMPLICIT THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
    Bai Xuejun, Liu Haijian, Hu Xiaoyu
       2007, 5 (2): 81-85.  
    Abstract4979)      PDF(pc) (508KB)(3181)       Save
       A semi-structured interview and questionnaire method were used to explore the implicit theories of intelligence among teachers and school students. The results indicated that:(1)teachers attached greater importance to the char?鄄acteristics related cognition, and took higher criteria to senior middle school students.(2)Students paid much atten?鄄tion to the factors regarded interpersonal communication, and the conception of students from senior middle school was more profound than those from junior middle school.(3)The views on the implicit theories of intelligence were similar between teachers and students, which varied depending on the age and gender of the students. However, teachers and students emphasized particularly on diverse aspects of the intelligent characteristics.
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       2007, 5 (2): 145-149.  
    Abstract4778)      PDF(pc) (485KB)(3167)       Save
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    The Relationship Between Parental Negative Parenting and Parental Conflict, Adolescent Social Adjustment
    Yang Ali1,2, Fang Xiaoyi1
       2006, 4 (4): 270-276.  
    Abstract4316)      PDF(pc) (611KB)(3156)       Save
       720 5 to 8, 10 to 12 graders from Liaoyang city were selected to explore the relationship between parental negative parenting and parental conflict and children′s social adjustment. The result shows:(1)Parental conflict related to children is significantly more than that related to themselves,There are significan grade main effects in these conflicts; Mothers′ negative parenting was significantly more than fathers′, and there was significant gen?鄄der and grade main effects in parents′ negative parenting; Adolescents′ depression and academic problems are more than problem behavior,and there was significant gender main effect in depression and problem behavior. there was significant grade main effect in depression, academic problems and problem behavior;(2)The parental conflict related to themselves and children is increasinly represented parental negative parenting;(3)The more parental negative parenting is increasinly represented depression, academic problems and problem behavior;(4)Parental negative parenting is a partial mediator between the relation of parental conflict and Children′s social adjustment.
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    An Analysis on Organizational Management Structure of the Jin-Merchant in the Ming and Qing Dynasty with MDS
    Yang Jiping, Zheng Jianjun
       2006, 4 (4): 258-263.  
    Abstract3507)      PDF(pc) (779KB)(3149)       Save
      In this paper, the research of organizational management structure of the Jin-merchant in the Ming and Qing dynasty has been carried by making use of the cultural heritage data sorting method and multidimensional Scal?鄄ing method. We found, after statisticsing the 91 tested preface classification data′s result, that Stress=0.13481<0.20,DAF=0.86519>0.60,and the model draws up to match well and has the certain rationality. Organizational management structure of the Jin-merchant in the Ming and Qing dynasty could be divided into five dimensionali?鄄ties:(1)the form of inspiritment methods is diverse;(2)the personnel system is enlightened;(3)the principle of the personnel selecting is objective and strict;(4)strategic measure of human resource can keep on the develop?鄄ment;(5)the system and test management are strict and normative. Compared with the same kind research re?鄄sults, the study has the higher consistency.
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    EFFECTS OF TRAINING METHODS ON CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT CREATIVITY LEVELS
    Ge Cao1,2, Bai Xuejun1
       2007, 5 (1): 13-17.  
    Abstract3876)      PDF(pc) (501KB)(3135)       Save
    Adopted Williams Creativity Assessment Pocket–R(CAP-R), children with higher creativity level and lower creativity level were selected and assigned to one of 3 different conditions: brainstorming training, forced relation training and a control group. After 5 weeks′ creativity training,the results were as follows: To the lower creativi?鄄ty level group, brainstorming training had great effects on the dimensions of openness and elaboration. Two training methods had no significant effects on higher creativity level children. When creativity training was in?鄄volved, we should care more about individuals′ differences and the effects of methods.
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    The Developmental Characteristics of Preschoolers′ Theory of Mind in Different Tasks
    Chen Youqing
       2006, 4 (4): 277-284.  
    Abstract4010)      PDF(pc) (839KB)(3104)       Save
     In this study, 72 children aged from 3 to 5, were examined in three modified classical false belief tasks. The results showed that most of the 4-year-old children could understand the false belief of self, while most of the 5-year-old children could understand the false belief of others. For children aged from 3 to 4, most of them understood false belief of self better than that of others including real people and dolls, but there had no signifi?鄄cant difference between these two false beliefs for children of 5 years old. Preschoolers′ recognition of false be?鄄lief between real people and doll had no significant difference. Most of preschoolers′ performance, in the Unex?鄄pected Location Task and Unexpected Content Task, the consistency was high, but the consistency in Appear?鄄ance-Reality Distinction Task with the former two tasks was low.
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    Dead Attitude of Senior Citizens and its Relationships with Depress and Social Support
    Zhou Xuemei, Xu Sheng, Chen Shan, Wu Jie
    Studies of Psychology and Behavior    2013, 11 (2): 164-169.  
    Abstract468)      PDF(pc) (843KB)(3086)       Save
    516 valid questionnaires, filled in by senior citizens in Beijing and Tianjin, were collected via the questionnaire investigation, which used Death Attitude Profile-Revised(DAP-R), Depression Scale(CES-D)and Personal Resource Questionnaire 2000(PRQ2000). The results revealed that:(1)there were five dimensions of dead attitude, which were fear of death(DF), death avoidance(DA), neutral acceptance(NA), approach acceptance(AA)and escape acceptance(EA);(2) There were significant differences of scores in dimensions of NA and AA in gender, and there were significant differences of scores in dimensions of DF, NA and EA in education;(3)The depress were negatively correlated with NA, while positive correlations between depress and other four dimensions of dead attitude respectively. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between social support and NA, while a positive correlations between social support and NA.
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