孤儿小学生主观幸福感的积极心理教育干预

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升孤儿小学生主观幸福感，研究以学校心理健康课为途径，运用自行设计的积极心理教育干预方案对某省孤儿学校高年级孤儿小学生予以干预。通过整群随机取样法从小学五、六年级中各选择两个班随机分配为实验组和控制组，采用实验组控制组前后测时间序列实验设计，从群组间比较和纵向追踪两个角度检验干预效果。结果表明积极心理教育干预提高了实验组孤儿小学生积极情感，改善了其情感平衡水平；增强了其对自我、朋友、家庭、学校的满意度及总体生活满意度水平；主观幸福感整体水平得到有效提升，且这种干预效果具有一定持续性。研究开发出的主观幸福感积极心理教育干预方案对孤儿学校及普通学校心理健康教育实践具有借鉴价值。

关键词: 主观幸福感, 积极心理教育干预, 孤儿小学生

Abstract: In order to improve subjective well-being of primary orphan school students, the present study took the school psychological health course as the way to intervene high grade primary orphan school students in one province by using the self-designed positive psychological education intervention program. Through the cluster random sampling, two classes were randomly assigned to the experimental group, and two classes were randomly assigned to the control group, either of them from the five or six grade of primary orphan school. By using the pre- and post-test on both experimental group and control group of time series design, the intervention effects were tested from the two angles of the group comparison and the longitudinal tracking. The results showed that the positive psychological education intervention increased the experimental group primary orphan school students' positive emotion, as well as the level of their emotional balance; and strengthened their level of satisfaction to themselves, their friends, their family, their school and their overall life. Above all, their overall level of subjective well-being had been enhanced effectively, and the effect of this intervention was sustained. For the mental health education practice of orphan schools and ordinary schools, the subjective well-being positive psychological education intervention program developed in the present study would have a reference value.

Key words: subjective well-being, positive psychological educational intervention, primary orphan school students

中图分类号:

B849 G448

王江洋, 肖青, 聂家昕, 高亚华. 孤儿小学生主观幸福感的积极心理教育干预[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(5): 634-643.

WANG Jiangyang, XIAO Qing, NIE Jiaxin, GAO Yahua. Positive Psychological Education Intervention on Subjective Well-being of Primary Orphan School Students[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(5): 634-643.

参考文献

陈超然. (2012). 青春期艾滋病孤儿污名应对与创伤后成长研究(博士学位论文). 华东师范大学, 上海.
范肖冬. (1999). 情感量表:正性情感、负性情感、情感平衡. 见:汪向东, 姜长青, 马弘 (编). 心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)(pp. 79-80). 北京:中国心理卫生杂志社.
来媛. (2012). 孤儿身份拒绝敏感性对其心理健康问题的预测及自我污名的中介作用(硕士学位论文). 沈阳师范大学.
曲晓英, 刘豫鑫, 廖金敏, 王希林. (2013). 汶川震后孤儿创伤后应激障碍认知行为治疗的初步观察. 中国心理卫生杂志, 27(7), 502-507, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2013.07.004
宋佳萌, 范会勇. (2013). 社会支持与主观幸福感关系的元分析. 心理科学进展, 21(8), 1357-1370
田丽丽, 刘旺. (2005). 多维学生生活满意度量表中文版的初步测试报告. 中国心理卫生杂志, 19(5), 301-303, doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6729.2005.05.002
王江洋, 李昂扬, 孙琪, 高亚华, 温文娟, 王菲. (2017). 辽宁省孤儿学生特殊心理问题表现与干预. 沈阳师范大学学报(社会科学版), 41(3), 125-131, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5450.2017.03.025
王江洋, 李骋诗, 高亚华, 温文娟. (2018). 孤儿身份拒绝敏感性的阈下启动研究. 辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版), 41(2), 37-43
王江洋, 王晓娜, 李昂扬, 高亚华, 温文娟. (2017). 孤儿学生的自我污名及其对社交拒绝归因的影响. 辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版), 40(4), 6-17
王江洋, 杨薇, 申继亮. (2012). 12~18岁福利院孤儿身份拒绝敏感性的测量及发展特点. 中国特殊教育, 6, 11-17, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2012.06.002
王江洋, 尹丽莉, 周铁民, 高亚华, 温文娟. (2016). 高亲密性跨群体友谊降低孤儿身份拒绝敏感性分析. 沈阳师范大学学报(社会科学版), 40(2), 22-28
王江洋, 张楚, 高亚华, 温文娟, 王菲. (2016). 基于接受与实现疗法技术对高自我污名初中孤儿的团体干预. 中国特殊教育, 4, 84-89, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2016.04.013
王金权, 金岳龙, 姚应水. (2011). 中国艾滋病孤儿心理健康的研究现状. 中华疾病控制杂志, 15(6), 524-526
王彦斌, 赵锦云. (2006). 儿童福利社会化重构——"昆明模式". 北京:社会科学文献出版社.
肖青. (2016). 小学高年级孤儿学生主观幸福感的积极心理教育干预研究(硕士学位论文). 沈阳师范大学.
熊红星, 张璟, 叶宝娟, 郑雪, 孙配贞. (2012). 共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析. 心理科学进展, 20(5), 757-769
张巍, 朱泽, 陈萌萌, 龚先旻, 张西超. (2014). 工作场所中的主观幸福感干预研究. 心理与行为研究, 12(6), 831-839, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2014.06.019
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950
Bradburn, N. (1969). The structure of well-being. Chicago:Aldine.
Coote, H. M. J., & MacLeod, A. K. (2012). A self-help, positive goal-focused intervention to increase well-being in people with depression. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 19(4), 305-315, doi:10.1002/cpp.1797.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575, doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being:The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43, doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
Diener, E. (2012). New findings and future directions for subjective well-being research. American Psychologist, 67(8), 590-597, doi:10.1037/a0029541.
Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1995). Resources, personal strivings, and subjective well-being:A nomothetic and idiographic approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(5), 926-935, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.926.
Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2013). Strength-based positive interventions:Further evidence for their potential in enhancing well-being and alleviating depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1241-1259, doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9380-0.
Killen, A., & Macaskill, A. (2015). Using a gratitude intervention to enhance well-being in older adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 947-964, doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9542-3.
Layous, K., Nelson, S. N., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). What is the optimal way to deliver a positive activity intervention? The case of writing about one's best possible selves. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(2), 635-654, doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9346-2.
Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J. K., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way:An experimental longitudinal intervention to boost well-being. Emotion, 11(2), 391-402, doi:10.1037/a0022575.
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness:The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131, doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111.
Moghaddam, M. (2008). Happiness, faith, friends, and fortune-Empirical evidence from the 1998 US survey data. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(4), 577-587, doi:10.1007/s10902-008-9090-9.
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress:Empirical validation of interventions. Positive Psychology, 60(5), 410-421.
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006a). Achieving sustainable gains in happiness:Change your actions, not your circumstances. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(1), 55-86, doi:10.1007/s10902-005-0868-8.
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006b). How to increase and sustain positive emotion:The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 73-82, doi:10.1080/17439760500510676.
Sheldon, K. M., Abad, N., Ferguson, Y., Gunz, A., Houser-Marko, L., Nichols, C. P., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2010). Persistent pursuit of need-satisfying goals leads to increased happiness:A 6-month experimental longitudinal study. Motivation and Emotion, 34(1), 39-48, doi:10.1007/s11031-009-9153-1.
Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions:A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467-487, doi:10.1002/jclp.v65:5.
Whillans, A. V., Weidman, A. C., & Dunn, E. W. (2016). Valuing time over money is associated with greater happiness. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(3), 213-222, doi:10.1177/1948550615623842.
Wortman, J., & Lucas, R. E. (2016). Spousal similarity in life satisfaction before and after divorce. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(4), 625-633, doi:10.1037/pspp0000065.

[1]	朱海, 宋香, 周云, 杨晓平, 田泽永. 职业压力对西部山区中小学教师主观幸福感的影响：有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 115-121.
[2]	高峰, 白学军. 越努力越幸福—中国背景下成就动机与主观幸福感的元分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 466-472.
[3]	郭春涵. 大学生自我中心与主观幸福感的关系：自尊的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(4): 546-552.
[4]	申正付, 韩布新, 杨秀木, 古继宝. 全科医生胜任力和主观幸福感：工作绩效的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(2): 282-288.
[5]	姜晓文, 姜媛, 田丽, 方平. 青少年压力与主观幸福感的关系：一个有中介的调节模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(3): 349-354.
[6]	李宗波, 王婷婷, 梁音, 王明辉. 大学生手机依赖与主观幸福感：社交焦虑的中介作用^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(4): 562-568.
[7]	郭明佳, 刘儒德, 甄瑞, 牟晓红, 庄鸿娟. 中学生亲子依恋对主观幸福感的影响：师生关系及自尊的链式中介作用*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(3): 351-358.
[8]	高锋剑,陈有国, 刘培朵, 江竹, 黄希庭. 心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能感预测老年人主观幸福感的优势分析*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(2): 227-232.
[9]	张岗英,董倩. 员工情绪智力与主观幸福感: 获益支持与情绪劳动策略的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2016, 14(5): 657-661.
[10]	王建峰,皇甫桦彦. 基于自我决定视角的动机结构与主观幸福感的关系^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2016, 14(2): 234-240.
[11]	柯江林, 吴丹, 孙健敏. 心理资本对工作投入、主观幸福感与沉默行为的影响：交互效应与效应比较*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(6): 804-810.
[12]	尹霞云, 黎志华. 主观幸福感：稳定的人格特质还是情境状态*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(4): 521-527.
[13]	张巍, 朱泽, 陈萌萌, 龚先旻, 张西超. 工作场所中的主观幸福感干预研究^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(6): 831-839.
[14]	陈志霞，李启明. 不同年龄群体大五人格与幸福感关系^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(5): 633-638.
[15]	李妍君，朱小爽，陈英和. 大学生社会支持与幸福感:社交自尊的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(3): 351-356.