快速阅读训练对基于视觉定向搜索的注意力影响：ERP研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以视觉搜索任务为检测作业，运用事件相关电位（ERPs）技术，考察快速阅读训练对神经系统注意功能的影响。进行视觉定位搜索测试，被试后测ERP成分P200在电极点F3的波幅较前测显著减小，但P130在电极点P7的潜伏期显著长于前测，N200在电极点P7的波幅较前测显著增大；进行视觉顺序搜索测试，被试后测ERP成分P130在电极点P7的潜伏期显著长于前测，N120在电极点P7的波幅显著大于前测；对于相同的视觉搜索任务，被试后测的反应时和作答率均优于前测，且被试进行顺序搜索时的作答率前后测差异具有显著性。结果表明，经过快速阅读训练，被试的前额叶功能和外源性注意功能可能得到了激活和扩大。

关键词: 快速阅读训练, 视觉搜索, 注意力, ERPs

Abstract: Taking visual search task as detection task, and combining with event-related potentials (ERPs) technology, the present study was to investigate the effect of speed reading training on the attention function of the nervous system. During the visual fixed point search test, compared with those before training, the subjects' amplitudes of P130 and P200 at the electrode points P7 and F3 decreased significantly after training, but the amplitudes of N200 at the electrode point P7 increased significantly compared with those before training. During the visual sequence search test, it was found that the subjects' latency of P130 at the pole P7 was significantly longer than that of before training, and the amplitude of N120 at the pole P7 was significantly larger than before training. The results from the same visual search task indicated that the response time after training was less than that of before training; the response rate after training was higher than that of before training. There was a significant difference in the response rate of sequential search test between before and after training. The results suggest that the subjects' prefrontal function and exogenous attentional function may be more activated and enlarged after speed reading training.

Key words: speed reading training, visual search, attention, ERPs

中图分类号:

B842

李恒平, 何胜昔, 刘正奎. 快速阅读训练对基于视觉定向搜索的注意力影响：ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 78-84.

LI Hengping, HE Shengxi, LIU Zhengkui. ERPs Study on the Effect of Fast Reading Training on Attention Based on Visual Beam Search[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(1): 78-84.

参考文献

奥·库兹涅佐夫, 列·赫罗莫夫. (1985). 快速阅读法(杨春华, 王靖元译). 北京: 中国青年出版社.
程玮. (2016). 快速阅读训练系统的设计与开发(硕士学位论文). 上海师范大学.
胡雅茹. (2014). 神奇的眼脑直映快读法. 北京: 新世界出版社.
克里斯蒂安·格吕宁. (2015). 快速阅读(郝湉译, 第2版). 北京: 中信出版社.
林大正, 滕春芳. (2005). 事件相关电位(ERP). 承德医学院学报, 22(3), 257-258, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6879.2005.03.042
刘婧. (2019). 国内近10年眼动研究探析. 南京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 21(2), 70-82
吕勇, 闫国利, 陈连燕, 范晓红. (2000). 小学生快速阅读训练的实验研究. 心理学探新, 20(2), 25-29, 54, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5184.2000.02.006
彭聃龄. (2019). 普通心理学(第5版). 北京: 北京师范大学出版社.
王慧媛. (2009). 语义关联对注意捕获的影响(硕士学位论文), 东北师范大学, 长春.
王嘉星. (2017). 略谈快速阅读的方法与策略. 人力资源管理, (6), 443-444, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8209.2017.06.362
吴琼, 石林, 夏志鹏, 卢理达, 杜欣聪. (2013). 不同时长和内容的正念训练对抑郁的干预效果. 中国临床心理学杂志, 21(4), 685-689, 684
吴燕, 隋光远, 曹晓华. (2007). 内源性注意和外源性注意的ERP研究. 心理科学进展, 15(1), 71-77
闫国利, 何立媛, 宋子明. (2016). 中文阅读的基本信息加工单元初探. 心理与行为研究, 14(1), 120-126, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2016.01.018
闫国利, 吕勇. (2002). 快速阅读的理论与实践. 兰州: 兰州大学出版社.
杨林栋, 刘厚, 于瑞峰. (2014). 视野培训对视觉搜索绩效的影响. 工业工程, 17(3), 108-113, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2014.03.020
袁威. (2004). 英语快速阅读的方法和技巧. 长春大学学报, 14(5), 104-106
赵亚军, 张智君. (2009). 眼睛注视线索提示效应: 内源性注意还是外源性注意? 心理学报, 41(12), 1133-1142.
Dagenbach, D., & Carr, T. H. (1994). Inhibitory processes in perceptual recognition: Evidence for a center-surround attentional mechanism. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.
Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222, doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205.
Di Lollo, V., Kawahara, J., Zuvic, S. M., & Visser, T. A. W. (2001). The preattentive emperor has no clothes: A dynamic redressing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(3), 479-492, doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.479.
Findlay, J. M., & Gilchrist, I. D. (2001). Visual attention: The active vision perspective. In M. Jenkin & L. Harris (Eds.), Vision and attention (pp. 83-103). New York: Springer.
Gallwey, T. J. (2009). Lobe size curves for several targets and their effect on visual search time. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39(4), 601-607, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2008.03.001.
Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs.: Prentice-Hall.
Lagor, A. F., Williams, D. J., Lerner, J. B., & McClure, K. S. (2013). Lessons learned from a mindfulness-based intervention with chronically ill youth. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 1(2), 146-158, doi: 10.1037/cpp0000015.
Olofsson, J. K., Nordin, S., Sequeira, H., & Polich, J. (2008). Affective picture processing: An integrative review of ERP findings. Biological Psychology, 77(3), 247-265, doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.11.006.
Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3-25, doi: 10.1080/00335558008248231.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84(1), 1-66.
Semple, R. J., Reid, E. F. G., & Miller, L. (2005). Treating anxiety with mindfulness: An open trial of mindfulness training for anxious children. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(4), 379-392, doi: 10.1891/jcop.2005.19.4.379.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Karazsia, B. T., Felver, J. C., Myers, R. E., & Nugent, K. (2016). Effects of Samatha meditation on active academic engagement and math performance of students with attention deficit/Hyperactivity disorder. Mindfulness, 7(1), 68-75, doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0424-5.
Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y. H., Wang, J. H., Fan, Y. X., Feng, S. G., Lu, Q. L., … Posner, M. I. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of Unites States of America, 104(43), 17152-17156, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707678104.

[1]	朱欢, 谢肖蔚, 戴喆如, 唐小雅, 臧健, 吴娇, 臧学莲. 基于汉字搜索的情景线索效应研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 577-584.
[2]	李昀松, 陈启杨, 吴岩, 李天虹, 段如君. 形旁在形声字识别中的优势作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 439-446.
[3]	马利军, 梁俊煜, 马云霄. 谐音线索和“歇后”时间对谐音型歇后语理解的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(3): 325-331.
[4]	李骋诗, 白学军, 王永胜. 映射具体性和语境线索对新颖隐喻加工的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(2): 153-160.
[5]	岳鹏飞, 史梦梦, 刘旭, 白学军. 词汇的唤醒度对情绪标注效应的影响—ERPs研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 31-38.
[6]	王春梅, 吕勇. 高、低回避性消极情绪影响抑制功能的神经机制：ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(5): 577-582.
[7]	陈梅香, 白学军. 事件率对专家与新手放射科医生医学图像视觉搜索的影响：来自眼动的证据^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(3): 302-308.
[8]	苏娟, 白学军, 王超, 阴国恩,. 比较视觉搜索任务中工作记忆最小化的眼动研究*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(1): 49-53.
[9]	梅冬梅, 许远理. 元情绪对情绪感受的抑制作用：来自ERP的证据*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(4): 449-455.
[10]	邱桂凤，张庆林. 反应与刺激冲突的脑机制差异:来自ERP研究的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(5): 583-587.
[11]	谭钢, 侯玉玲, 曹智鹏. 遥远距离联想任务脑机制的ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2013, 11(6): 746-751.
[12]	杨海波,尹莎莎,白学军. 视觉工作记忆内容对视觉搜索的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2010, 8(2): 150-154.
[13]	杜英春, 吕勇. 面孔加工特异性的事件相关电位研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2005, 3(4): 268-274.
[14]	施建农,恽梅,翟京华,李新兵. 7~12岁儿童视觉搜索能力的发展[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2004, 2(1): 337-341.