小学儿童承诺认知及其归因取向的发展

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.05.005

心理与行为研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 608-613.DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.05.005

小学儿童承诺认知及其归因取向的发展

丁芳¹^,*(), 张欣媛¹, 刘娇¹^,²

1. 苏州大学教育学院心理学系，苏州 215123
2. 浙江省杭州市上泗中学，杭州 310008

收稿日期:2022-12-14 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-20
通讯作者: 丁芳
基金资助:
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2019SJZDA137)；江苏省教育科学规划重点课题(B/2022/04/48)

The Development of Primary School Children’s Promise Cognition and Its Attribution Orientation

Fang DING¹^,*(), Xinyuan ZHANG¹, Jiao LIU¹^,²

1. Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123
2. Hangzhou Shangsi Middle School of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310008

Received:2022-12-14 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-20
Contact: Fang DING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨小学儿童承诺认知及其归因取向的发展特点，采用自编的承诺情境故事材料对271名7岁、9岁和11岁儿童进行测查。结果发现：(1)小学儿童的承诺认知随年龄增长呈现“倒U型”发展趋势，9岁是发展的转折年龄。(2)7岁儿童对违背权威承诺的认知更消极，而9岁和11岁儿童却对违背同辈承诺的认知更消极。(3)小学儿童对有意违背承诺的认知最消极，对无意违背承诺的认知最积极，对无承诺的认知居中；小学儿童面对有意违背承诺时，对违背同辈承诺的认知更消极。(4)面对违背权威承诺时，小学儿童的承诺认知归因倾向于承诺取向，而面对违背同辈承诺时则是倾向于结果取向，且均以9岁为转折年龄，呈现人数先增长后减少的趋势。研究表明，7岁、9岁和11岁小学儿童的承诺认知发展会受承诺对象和违背意图的影响，并且在面对不同的承诺对象时会产生不同的承诺认知归因取向。

关键词: 小学儿童, 承诺认知, 承诺对象, 违背意图, 归因取向

Abstract:

To investigate the developmental characteristics of primary school children’s promise cognition and its attribution orientation, a total of 271 children aged 7, 9, and 11 years were recruited and their promise cognition was measured by self-designed scenario stories. The results were as follows: 1) The promise cognition of primary school children showed an “inverted U-shaped” developmental trend with 9 years old serving as the turning point. 2) Seven-year-olds had more negative cognition with regard to violating authority promises, whereas 9- and 11-year-olds had more negative cognition to violating peer promises. 3) Primary school children had the most negative cognition toward intentionally violating promises, and the most positive cognition toward unintentionally violating promises. 4) Primary school children tended to attribute towards the promise orientation when facing the violation of authority promise, while they tended to attribute towards the outcome orientation when facing the violation of peer promise. The research indicates that the development of promise cognition in primary school children aged 7, 9, and 11 years is influenced by the recipients of the promise and the intentions of violation.

Key words: primary school children, promise cognition, recipients of the promise, intentions of violation, attribution orientation

中图分类号:

B844

丁芳, 张欣媛, 刘娇. 小学儿童承诺认知及其归因取向的发展[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 608-613.

Fang DING, Xinyuan ZHANG, Jiao LIU. The Development of Primary School Children’s Promise Cognition and Its Attribution Orientation[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(5): 608-613.

图/表 1

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年龄(岁)	n	权威对象−有意违背	权威对象−无意违背	权威对象−无承诺	同辈对象−有意违背	同辈对象−无意违背	同辈对象−无承诺
7	95	−2.78±0.39	−0.30±0.67	−0.76±1.09	−2.41±0.55	0.09±0.74	0.02±0.67
9	94	−2.38±0.60	−0.18±0.41	−0.58±0.73	−2.87±0.28	−0.34±0.53	−0.85±0.72
11	82	−2.37±0.61	0.28±0.62	−0.53±0.80	−2.87±0.34	0.10±0.79	−0.90±0.70

年龄(岁)	n	权威对象−有意违背	权威对象−无意违背	权威对象−无承诺	同辈对象−有意违背	同辈对象−无意违背	同辈对象−无承诺
7	95	−2.78±0.39	−0.30±0.67	−0.76±1.09	−2.41±0.55	0.09±0.74	0.02±0.67
9	94	−2.38±0.60	−0.18±0.41	−0.58±0.73	−2.87±0.28	−0.34±0.53	−0.85±0.72
11	82	−2.37±0.61	0.28±0.62	−0.53±0.80	−2.87±0.34	0.10±0.79	−0.90±0.70

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小学儿童承诺认知及其归因取向的发展

The Development of Primary School Children’s Promise Cognition and Its Attribution Orientation

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