为了探讨小学儿童承诺认知及其归因取向的发展特点，采用自编的承诺情境故事材料对271名7岁、9岁和11岁儿童进行测查。结果发现：(1)小学儿童的承诺认知随年龄增长呈现“倒U型”发展趋势，9岁是发展的转折年龄。(2)7岁儿童对违背权威承诺的认知更消极，而9岁和11岁儿童却对违背同辈承诺的认知更消极。(3)小学儿童对有意违背承诺的认知最消极，对无意违背承诺的认知最积极，对无承诺的认知居中；小学儿童面对有意违背承诺时，对违背同辈承诺的认知更消极。(4)面对违背权威承诺时，小学儿童的承诺认知归因倾向于承诺取向，而面对违背同辈承诺时则是倾向于结果取向，且均以9岁为转折年龄，呈现人数先增长后减少的趋势。研究表明，7岁、9岁和11岁小学儿童的承诺认知发展会受承诺对象和违背意图的影响，并且在面对不同的承诺对象时会产生不同的承诺认知归因取向。

To investigate the developmental characteristics of primary school children’s promise cognition and its attribution orientation, a total of 271 children aged 7, 9, and 11 years were recruited and their promise cognition was measured by self-designed scenario stories. The results were as follows: 1) The promise cognition of primary school children showed an “inverted U-shaped” developmental trend with 9 years old serving as the turning point. 2) Seven-year-olds had more negative cognition with regard to violating authority promises, whereas 9- and 11-year-olds had more negative cognition to violating peer promises. 3) Primary school children had the most negative cognition toward intentionally violating promises, and the most positive cognition toward unintentionally violating promises. 4) Primary school children tended to attribute towards the promise orientation when facing the violation of authority promise, while they tended to attribute towards the outcome orientation when facing the violation of peer promise. The research indicates that the development of promise cognition in primary school children aged 7, 9, and 11 years is influenced by the recipients of the promise and the intentions of violation.