竞走裁判员需要依据肉眼观察进行判罚决策，深入了解竞走裁判员对比赛过程中相关线索的注意偏向具有重要意义。本研究通过眼动技术，对比分析不同水平竞走裁判员判罚决策的行为绩效及眼动特征。结果发现，专家组在多人情景中的正确率和反应时均优于新手组；专家组较新手组注视时间短，注视次数少，眼跳次数少，注视轨迹清晰；专家组在与任务相关的区域表现出较长的注视时间、较多的注视次数和较早的首次注视到达时间；注视热点主要集中在犯规运动员的膝和踝区域。研究结果支持了专家认知优势假说，进一步强调了快速、准确、合理的视觉搜索策略对裁判员判罚决策起重要作用。

Race-walking referees make penalty decisions based on visual observation. Understanding their attentional bias toward relevant cues during the game is crucial for assessing these penalty decisions. This study used eye tracking technology to investigate the differences in gaze behavior and to compare penalty decisions between the expert race-walking referees and the novices. The results showed that the experts outperformed the novices in accuracy and reaction times while making decisions during multi-athlete race-walking scenarios. Compared with the novices, the experts also exhibited shorter fixation times, fewer fixation counts, fewer saccades, and clearer fixation trajectories. For task-related regions, experts performed longer fixation times, more fixation counts, and shorter fixation elapse times. Notably, fixation hotspots for experts predominantly clustered around the knees and ankles of a fouled athlete. These results support the hypothesis of a cognitive advantage for experts and emphasize the crucial role of conducting fast, accurate, and rational visual search strategies for trained referees to make high-quality penalty decisions.