1 引言
1.1 噪声下普通话言语感知任务
表1 CCRM和MHINT任务的特征比较 |
| 特征 | CCRM | MHINT |
| 测试材料 | 句式固定、结构简单、语义有限 | 完整短句、语言自然、音素平衡 |
| 测试任务 | 识别关键词,聚焦特定信息捕捉能力 | 复述整句,评估言语识别能力 |
| 语境使用 | 无法依赖上下文信息或语境信息 | 依赖短句有限的上下文信息和语境信息 |
| 测试目的 | 复杂噪声环境中提取关键词的能力 | 复杂噪声环境中理解句子的能力 |
| 影响因素 | 听觉识别和听觉感知能力 | 听觉感知和加工,依赖语言理解能力、记忆能力和推理能力 |

噪声类型与掩蔽机制对普通话言语感知的影响
收稿日期: 2025-03-09
网络出版日期: 2026-08-31
基金资助
国家社会科学基金一般项目(25BYY094)。
版权
Effects of Noise Types and Masking Mechanism on Mandarin Speech Perception
Received date: 2025-03-09
Online published: 2026-08-31
Copyright
汪玉霞 , 刘畅 . 噪声类型与掩蔽机制对普通话言语感知的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026 , 24(4) : 442 -449 . DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.04.002
This study examined the effects of noise type, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and masking mechanism on speech perception by comparing keyword recognition and sentence comprehension across different noise environments. Results showed a significant interaction between noise type and task performance. Babble noise exacerbated the difference between tasks via semantic informational masking, exerting a greater disruption on sentence comprehension tasks that rely heavily on semantic processing. In modulated speech-shaped noise, both tasks exhibited similar dynamic masking release by utilizing “temporal dips”. In contrast, long-term speech-shaped noise primarily functioned through energetic masking, yielding task differences only at extreme SNRs. The weak correlation between the two tasks suggests they play a complementary role in clinical assessment. The study provides theoretical insights for the assessment of speech recognition capabilities in complex noise environments.
表1 CCRM和MHINT任务的特征比较 |
| 特征 | CCRM | MHINT |
| 测试材料 | 句式固定、结构简单、语义有限 | 完整短句、语言自然、音素平衡 |
| 测试任务 | 识别关键词,聚焦特定信息捕捉能力 | 复述整句,评估言语识别能力 |
| 语境使用 | 无法依赖上下文信息或语境信息 | 依赖短句有限的上下文信息和语境信息 |
| 测试目的 | 复杂噪声环境中提取关键词的能力 | 复杂噪声环境中理解句子的能力 |
| 影响因素 | 听觉识别和听觉感知能力 | 听觉感知和加工,依赖语言理解能力、记忆能力和推理能力 |
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