凸显刺激对整体知觉集合数量效应的影响

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.009

心理与行为研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 212-219.DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.009

凸显刺激对整体知觉集合数量效应的影响

赵冰洁¹, 何婕¹, 刘颖¹, 杨邵峰¹, 王峥²^,³, 张琪涵*^,¹(), 白学军*^,¹()

1. 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院，天津师范大学心理学部，学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室，天津 300387
2. 内蒙古自治区脑科医院（内蒙古自治区第三医院，内蒙古自治区精神卫生中心），呼和浩特 010010
3. 内蒙古师范大学心理学院，呼和浩特 010028

收稿日期:2023-12-08 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-20
通讯作者: 张琪涵, 白学军
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32100878)；内蒙古自治区科技厅重大项目(2023YFSH0063)；内蒙古医学科学院公立医院科研联合基金科技项目(2023GLLH0164)。

The Effect of Salient Items on the Set Size Effect in Ensemble Perception

Bingjie ZHAO¹, Jie HE¹, Ying LIU¹, Shaofeng YANG¹, Zheng WANG²^,³, Qihan ZHANG*^,¹(), Xuejun BAI*^,¹()

1. Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’ Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387
2. Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center, Inner Mongolia Brain Hospital (Third Hospital), Hohhot 010010
3. School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010028

Received:2023-12-08 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-20
Contact: Qihan ZHANG, Xuejun BAI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凸显刺激类型对整体知觉集合数量效应的影响仍存在争论。实验1采用需要自主调整出集合均值的调整范式，引入绝对偏差指标衡量反应值与正确均值的差异，探讨凸显刺激类型对整体知觉中集合数量效应的影响。实验2增加了凸显刺激的数量，进一步考察无关凸显刺激对整体知觉中集合数量效应的影响。实验结果显示，与无凸显刺激条件相比，相关凸显刺激条件下的绝对偏差更大，并表现出集合数量增益效应；无关凸显刺激只有在其数量较多时才会表现出上述现象。结果表明，不同类型的凸显刺激均会对整体知觉及集合数量效应产生影响，相关凸显刺激的影响作用更大，无关凸显刺激仅在增加凸显刺激数量后才会降低整体知觉表现。这一发现揭示了整体知觉建立在个体对刺激集合中所有刺激进行加工的基础上，但赋予凸显与非凸显刺激不同权重，支持了整体放大假说。

关键词: 整体知觉, 凸显刺激, 集合数量, 放大假说

Abstract:

There is still debate regarding the effect of salient item types on the set size effect in ensemble perception. In Experiment 1, an adjustment paradigm was used, requiring participants to self-adjust to the set mean. An absolute deviation metric was introduced to measure the difference between participants’ responses and the correct values, exploring the impact of salient item types on the set size effect in ensemble perception. Experiment 2 increased the number of salient items to further examine the impact of irrelevant salient items on the set size effect in ensemble perception. The results showed that, compared to the no salient item condition, the condition with relevant salient items exhibited greater absolute deviation, demonstrating a set size gain effect. Irrelevant salient items only showed this phenomenon when their number was large. The findings indicate that different types of salient items affect ensemble perception and the set size effect, with relevant salient items having a greater impact. Irrelevant salient items only reduce ensemble perception performance when their number is increased. This discovery reveals that ensemble perception is based on the processing of all items in the set, assigning different weights to salient and non-salient items, supporting the ensemble amplification hypothesis.

Key words: ensemble perception, salient item, set size, amplification hypothesis

赵冰洁, 何婕, 刘颖, 杨邵峰, 王峥, 张琪涵, 白学军. 凸显刺激对整体知觉集合数量效应的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(2): 212-219.

Bingjie ZHAO, Jie HE, Ying LIU, Shaofeng YANG, Zheng WANG, Qihan ZHANG, Xuejun BAI. The Effect of Salient Items on the Set Size Effect in Ensemble Perception[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(2): 212-219.

图/表 6

图1 实验1材料示例注：正式实验中凸显刺激未加边框。

图2 实验流程

图3 基线任务和凸显任务下的集合数量效应

图4 绝对偏差差异结果

图5 实验2材料示例注：以集合数量为4举例。

图6 无关凸显刺激对整体知觉集合数量效应的影响

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凸显刺激对整体知觉集合数量效应的影响

The Effect of Salient Items on the Set Size Effect in Ensemble Perception

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