不同回避动机强度的消极情绪对类比推理的影响*

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过控制负性情绪的不同回避动机强度,采用经典四项比例式的推理任务,探究不同回避动机强度的负性情绪对类比推理的影响。研究结果发现：（1）不同回避动机强度的负性情绪（悲伤和恐惧）均会导致推理任务的正确率下降;（2）在低回避动机强度情绪（悲伤）下完成推理任务的反应时比高回避动机强度情绪（恐惧）下更长。结论不同回避动机强度的负性情绪均会对类比推理产生消极作用,高回避动机强度的负性情绪下完成推理任务的速度更快,但正确率较低,这可能是由于注意窄化和情绪的动机强度通过工作记忆影响了推理过程。

关键词: 负性情绪, 类比推理, 动机强度, 情绪动机维度理论

Abstract: As Harmon-Jones and Gable(2010)presented a motivational dimension model of affect that supported the hypothesis that low avoidance-motivated negative affect(e.g., sadness)broadens, whereas high avoidance-motivated negative affect(e.g., fear)narrows cognitive breadth of attention. However, little is known about whether the influence of emotions on advanced cognition such as reasoning, is modulated by the motivational intensity. Therefore, we conducted one experiment to investigate the influence of motivational intensity in emotions on analogical reasoning. We used videos to induce the different emotions(sadness, fear and neutral emotion)whose valence and arousal were rated before. The verbal four-term analogical reasoning task was used to measure analogy performance. Results indicated that the effect of emotional materials on analogy was significant. The correct rates in neutral states were higher than those of sadness and fear, while people responded more quickly following fear stimuli than sad stimuli at the cost of accuracy. We concluded that whichever negative state people are in, it will impair people's performance in analogy task. The impact of high avoidance-motivated negative affect may be strongest, followed by low avoidance-motivated negative affect. The reason may be due to narrowing attention and working memory that different emotions could impact reasoning through them.

Key words: negative emotions, analogical reasoning, intensity of motivation, motivational dimension model of affect

中图分类号:

B842.5

杜雪松, 王爱平,. 不同回避动机强度的消极情绪对类比推理的影响*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(1): 69-74.

Du Xuesong, Wang Aiping. The Effect of Low Versus High Avoidance-Motivated Negative Affect on Analogic Reasoning[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2017, 15(1): 69-74.

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