青少年灾难准备度对创伤后应激症状与成长的影响：应对方式的作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察青少年灾难准备度和应对方式对创伤后应激症状(PTSS)与创伤后成长(PTG)的预测机制差异，研究采用自陈式问卷对2021年河南特大暴雨灾害后的764名中学生进行了调查。结果发现，灾难准备度可以直接显著地正向预测PTG，不能直接显著地预测PTSS；灾难准备度可以通过问题聚焦应对正向预测PTG、负向预测PTSS，也可以通过情绪聚焦应对正向预测PTSS。不过，灾难准备度通过问题聚焦应对负向预测PTSS的强度大于其通过情绪聚焦应对正向预测PTSS的强度。结果说明灾难准备度可以缓解PTSS、促进PTG；灾难准备度通过问题聚焦和情绪聚焦两种应对方式对PTSS和PTG的预测机制存在差异。

关键词: 灾难准备度, 创伤后应激症状, 创伤后成长, 应对方式

Abstract:

To compare the differences in the relation of disaster preparedness and coping style to both posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in adolescents, this study used self-reported questionnaires to investigate 764 adolescents following a major flood that occurred in Henan province in 2021. The results of mediating model showed that disaster preparedness had a direct and significant positive relation to PTG but not PTSS. Disaster preparedness had an indirect positive prediction on PTG and a negative prediction on PTSS by the mediating effect of problem-focused coping and had an indirect and positive prediction on PTSS by the mediating effect of emotion-focused coping. Furthermore, the effect of disaster preparedness on relieving PTSS through problem-focused coping was greater than that effect on aggravating PTSS through emotion-focused coping. These findings suggest that disaster preparedness alleviates PTSS and improves PTG, and there are significant differences in the potential mechanism underlying disaster preparedness predicting PTSS and PTG by problem- and emotion-focused coping.

Key words: disaster preparedness, PTSS, PTG, coping style

周宵, 李伊凡, 姬旺华. 青少年灾难准备度对创伤后应激症状与成长的影响：应对方式的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(3): 399-406.

Xiao ZHOU, Yifan LI, Wanghua JI. The Influence of Disaster Preparedness on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Growth in Adolescents: The Roles of Coping Style[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(3): 399-406.

图/表 4

参考文献 0

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变量	M(SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.性别
2.年龄	14.39(0.91)	0.01
3.创伤暴露	3.17(2.37)	0.09**	−0.03
4.灾难准备度	27.40(12.90)	0.13***	0.01	0.01
5.问题聚焦应对	31.67(13.15)	0.13***	0.01	0.14***	0.60***
6.情绪聚焦应对	18.74(10.63)	0.08*	0.09*	0.18***	0.22***	0.47**
7.PTSS	23.47(15.93)	0.03	0.01	0.32***	−0.10**	−0.08*	0.33***
8.PTG	55.83(27.24)	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.47***	0.57***	0.26***	0.05

变量	M(SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.性别
2.年龄	14.39(0.91)	0.01
3.创伤暴露	3.17(2.37)	0.09**	−0.03
4.灾难准备度	27.40(12.90)	0.13***	0.01	0.01
5.问题聚焦应对	31.67(13.15)	0.13***	0.01	0.14***	0.60***
6.情绪聚焦应对	18.74(10.63)	0.08*	0.09*	0.18***	0.22***	0.47**
7.PTSS	23.47(15.93)	0.03	0.01	0.32***	−0.10**	−0.08*	0.33***
8.PTG	55.83(27.24)	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.47***	0.57***	0.26***	0.05

路径	95%CI	标准化的间接效应估计值
灾难准备度→PTSS	[−0.099, 0.095]	−0.002
灾难准备度→问题聚焦应对→PTSS	[−0.277, −0.158]	−0.218***
灾难准备度→情绪聚焦应对→PTSS	[0.055, 0.144]	0.100***
灾难准备度→PTG	[0.115, 0.311]	0.213***
灾难准备度→问题聚焦应对→PTG	[0.209, 0.344]	0.277***
灾难准备度→情绪聚焦应对→PTG	[−0.019, 0.014]	−0.003

路径	95%CI	标准化的间接效应估计值
灾难准备度→PTSS	[−0.099, 0.095]	−0.002
灾难准备度→问题聚焦应对→PTSS	[−0.277, −0.158]	−0.218***
灾难准备度→情绪聚焦应对→PTSS	[0.055, 0.144]	0.100***
灾难准备度→PTG	[0.115, 0.311]	0.213***
灾难准备度→问题聚焦应对→PTG	[0.209, 0.344]	0.277***
灾难准备度→情绪聚焦应对→PTG	[−0.019, 0.014]	−0.003

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