高校教师职业幸福感的结构与测量

心理与行为研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (5): 629-634.

高校教师职业幸福感的结构与测量

张玉柱^1,2,金盛华²

1、内蒙古师范大学心理教育研究中心，呼和浩特 010022
2、北京师范大学心理学院，北京 100875

收稿日期:2013-08-25 出版日期:2013-09-20 发布日期:2015-01-21
作者简介:陈顺森，男，福建省闽南师范大学应用心理研究所副教授，博士。E-mail: 892127184@qq.com。
基金资助:
*本研究得到了全国教育科学“十二五”规划国家青年课题（CBA120104）和福建省教育厅A类人文社科重点项目（JA12208S）的支持。

The Structure and Measurement of University Teachers′ Occupational Well-being

Zhang Yuzhu^1,2, Jin Shenghua²

1 Research Center of Psychological Education, Inner Mongolian Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China;
2 School of psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2013-08-25 Online:2013-09-20 Published:2015-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨自闭症幼儿对熟悉面孔的注意偏向，选取11名自闭症幼儿和11名正常幼儿，采用眼动追踪技术，采集在多重竞争条件下其观看不同熟悉度面孔图片的视觉指标。结果显示：（1）自闭症幼儿对不同熟悉度面孔的觉察时间均显著长于正常幼儿，对各类面孔的注视时间均显著少于正常幼儿；（2）自闭症幼儿与正常幼儿一样，优先觉察陌生面孔，对熟悉面孔注意维持时间最长。结果表明，自闭症儿童对面孔的觉察、加工的效率劣于正常儿童，但其模式与正常儿童相似；熟悉面孔没有优先觉察效应，但对其注视时间更久。

关键词: 自闭症, 熟悉面孔, 注意偏向。

Abstract: The current study utilized eye tracking to investigate attention bias underlying familiar versus unfamiliar face processing in autism. Eye movements of 11 autistic infants and 11 matched typically developing participants were recorded while passively viewing three face categories in the condition of multiple competition: a repeating highly familiar face, unfamiliar non-repeating faces, and a repeating previously unfamiliar face. Results showed that: (1) the autistic infants detect the 3 categories faces significantly more slowly than typically developing children, and fixation duration of them on the 3 categories faces were significantly less than the control group; (2) like with the typically children, autistic infants showed a detection biases for novel faces and a processing biases for familiar face in the target frame that the novel faces were detected significantly faster and the familiar faces were fixated significantly longer as compared to other categories. In conclusion,compared to the typically developing children, the autistic infant showed a similar pattern, however, the efficiency of faces detection and processing are more inferior. Familiar faces detection is not prioritized in comparison to other categories but rather to a difficulty to disengage attention.

Key words: autism, familiar face, attention bias.

中图分类号:

B844.1

张玉柱,金盛华. 高校教师职业幸福感的结构与测量[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2013, 11(5): 629-634.

Zhang Yuzhu, Jin Shenghua. The Structure and Measurement of University Teachers′ Occupational Well-being[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2013, 11(5): 629-634.

参考文献

陈顺森, 白学军, 沈德立, 闫国利, 张灵聪. (2011). 7-10岁自闭症谱系障碍儿童对情绪面孔的觉察与加工. 心理发展与教育, (5), 449-458.
陈顺森, 白学军, 沈德立, 张灵聪. (2012). 背景性质对7-10岁自闭症谱系障碍儿童面孔搜索与加工的作用. 心理科学, 35, 778-785.
金丽，陈顺森. (2011). 自闭症儿童面孔加工的异常: 来自眼动的证据. 漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版), (4), 128-132.
中华医学会精神病学分会. (2001). 中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(3版). 山东科学技术出版社.
Althoff, R. R., & Cohen, N. J. (1999). Eye-movement-based memory effect: A reprocessing effect in face perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 25, 997–1010.
Aylward, E., Bernier, R., Field, K., Grimme, A., & Dawson, G. (2004). Normal activation of fusiform gyrus in adolescents and adults with autism during viewing of familiar, but not unfamiliar, faces. Paper presented at the STAART/CPEA (Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment/Collaborative Programs for Excellence in Autism) NIH network meeting, May 17–20. Bethesda, MD.
Bonner, L., & Burton, A. M. (2004). 7–11–year–old children show an advantage for matching and recognizing the internal features of familiar faces Evidence against a developmental shift. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57A, 1019–1029.
Boucher, J., Lewis, V., & Collis, G. (1998). Familiar face and voice matching and recognition in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 171–181.
Bruce, V. (1982). Changing faces: visual and non–visual coding processes in face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 73, 105–116.
Burton, A. M., Wilson, S., Cowan, M., & Bruce, V. (1999). Face recognition in poor–quality video: Evidence from security surveillance. Psychological Science, 10, 243–248.
Bushnell, I. W. R., Sai, F., & Mullin, J. T. (1989). Neonatal recognition of the mother’s face. British Journal of Developmental Psy-chology, 7, 3–15.
Dalton, K. M., Nacewicz, B. M., Johnstone, T., Schaefer, H. S., Gernsbacher, M. A., Goldsmith, H. H., Alexander, A. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2005). Gaze ?xation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 519–526.
Dawson, G., Munson, J., Estes, A., Osterling, J., McPartland, J., & Toth, K. et al. (2002). Neurocognitive function and joint attention ability in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Child Development, 73, 345–358.
Devue, C., Van der Stigchel, S., Brédart,S., & Theeuwes, J.(2009). You do not find your own face faster; you just look at it longer. Cognition, 111, 114–122.
Fantz, R. L. (1964). Visual experience in infants: Decreased attention to familiar patterns relative to novel ones. Science, 146, 668–670.
Johnston, R. A., & Edmonds, A. J. (2009). Familiar and unfamiliar face recognition: A review. Memory, 17(5), 577–596.
Klin, A., Jones. W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 809–816.
O’Donnell, C., & Bruce, V. (2001). Familiarisation with faces selectively enhances sensitivity to changes made to the eyes. Perception, 30, 755–754.
O’Toole, A. J., Edelman, S., & Bülthoff, H. H. (1998). Stimulus–speci?c effects in face recognition over changes in viewpoint. Vision Research, 38, 2351–2363.
Pelphrey, K. A., Sasson, N. J., Reznick, J. S., Paul, G., Goldman, B. D., & Piven, J. (2002). Visual Scanning of Faces in Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 249–261.
Pierce, K., & Redcay, E. (2008). Fusiform function in children with an autism spectrum disorder is a matter of “who”. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 552–560.
Pierce, K., Muller, R. A., Abmrose, G., Allen, G, & Courchesne, E. (2001). Face processing occurs outside the fusiform ‘face area’ in autism: Evidence from functional MRI. Brain, 124, 2059–2073.
Pierce, K., Haist, F., Sedaghat, F., & Courchesne, E. (2004). The brain response to personally familiar faces in autism: findings of fusiform activity and beyond. Brain, 127, 2703–2716.
Riby, D. M. (2006). Face processing in Williams syndrome and Autism. Unpublished Dissertation of University of Stirling.
Riby, D. M., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2008). Viewing it differently: Social scene perception in Williams syndrome and Autism. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2855–2860.
Riby, D. M., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2009). Do faces capture the attention of individuals with Williams syndrome or Autism? Evidence from tracking eye movements. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 421–431.
Schopler, E. C., Reichler, R., & Renner, B. (1988). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Stacey, P. C., Walker, S., & Underwood, J. D. M. (2005). Face processing and familiarity: Evidence from eye–movement data. British Journal of Psychology, 96, 407–422.
Sterling, L., Dawson, G., Webb, S., Murias, M., Munson, J., Panagiotides, H., & Aylward, E. (2008). The role of face familiarity in eye tracking of faces by individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disor-ders, 38, 1666–1675.
Theeuwes, J., & van der Stigchel, S. (2006). Faces capture attention: Evidence from inhibition of return. Visual Cognition, 13, 657–665.
Trepagnier, C., Sebrechts, M. M., & Peterson, R. (2002). Atypical face gaze in autism. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 5, 213–217.
Webb, S. J., Jones, E., Merkle, K., Murias, M., Greenson, J., & Richards, T., et al. (2010). Response to familiar faces, newly familiar faces, and novel faces as assessed by ERPs is intact in adults with autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 77(2), 106–117.
Wilson, R., Pascalis, O., & Blades, M. (2007). Familiar face recognition in children with autism: the differential use of inner and outer face parts. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 314–320.

[1]	宋宜琪, 杨婉晴, 梁丹丹. 6～8岁汉语高功能自闭症儿童空间概念“大”的隐喻映射研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 460-465.
[2]	魏玲, 余宥依, 刘人豪, 程一智. 场景的年龄特征会影响自闭症谱系障碍儿童的注视模式[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(5): 679-685.
[3]	郭文斌, 陈佳丹, 张梁. 表情强度对自闭症儿童面部表情识别影响的实验研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(2): 157-163.
[4]	魏玲, 连榕, 余宥依, 孙超. 自闭症谱系障碍儿童对不同类型社交场景注意模式的眼动差异^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(4): 536-543.
[5]	陈顺森, 林彩云, 任杰. 目标刺激运动特征对自闭症谱系障碍儿童平滑追踪眼动的影响^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(3): 392-399.
[6]	张丽华, 施国春, 张一鸣. 脆弱型高自尊高中生攻击性线索注意偏向^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2016, 14(1): 36-41.
[7]	周念丽；方俊明. 利用绘画区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童功能的探索[J]. , 2012, 10(4): 301-306.