图形规则性对客体和空间工作记忆存储的影响

心理与行为研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 205-210.

图形规则性对客体和空间工作记忆存储的影响

吴文春, 孙悦亮

韩山师范学院教育系,潮州 521041

收稿日期:2012-04-09 出版日期:2013-03-20 发布日期:2015-02-15
作者简介:吴文春,男,广东潮州韩山师范学院教育系讲师。E-mail:wwc@hstc.edu.cn。
基金资助:
本研究得到韩山师范学院青年科学基金项目（WQ200802）的资助

The Influence of Graph′s Regulation Character on the Storage of Object and Spatial Working Memory

Wu Wenchun, Sun Yueliang

Department of Education, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041

Received:2012-04-09 Online:2013-03-20 Published:2015-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用单探测变化检测范式,考察了单维度特征图形在视觉客体和视觉空间工作记忆中的存储机制,并对这两种视觉工作记忆的容量进行测定。结果显示,在客体工作记忆中,规则图形的记忆成绩显著高于不规则图形,但在空间工作记忆中,这两种图形的记忆成绩无显著差异;空间工作记忆的存储容量显著大于客体工作记忆容量,分别为4-5个位置和3-4个客体。这表明,图形规则性影响了客体工作记忆的存储但不影响空间工作记忆的存储,由单维度特征组成的图形在客体工作记忆中是以特征为单元储存,而在空间工作记忆中是以整合方式储存。

关键词: 客体工作记忆, 空间工作记忆, 存储, 容量, 图形。

Abstract: The study investigated the storage mechanism of visual object working memory and visual spatial working memory for the graphs with features of single dimension using change-detection paradigm, and measured their capacities. The results showed, the memory score of regular graphs was significantly higher than that of irregular graphs in object working memory, but there was no difference between them in spatial working memory. The storage capacity of spatial working memory was significantly higher than that of object working memory, there were respectively 4-5 positions and 3-4 objects. These suggested graph′s regulation character impacted the storage of object working memory but didn′t impact that of spatial working memory. The graphs with features of single dimension were stored by the unit of feature in object working memory but stored by the way of integer in spatial working memory.

Key words: object working memory, spatial working memory, store, capacity, graph.

中图分类号:

B842.3

吴文春, 孙悦亮. 图形规则性对客体和空间工作记忆存储的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2013, 11(2): 205-210.

Wu Wenchun, Sun Yueliang. The Influence of Graph′s Regulation Character on the Storage of Object and Spatial Working Memory[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2013, 11(2): 205-210.

参考文献

1 陈彩琦, 付桂芳, 金志成.(2003). 注意水平对视觉工作记忆客体表征的影响. 心理学报, 35 (5), 591-597.
2 李寿欣, 周颖萍.(2006). 个体认知方式与材料复杂性对视空间工作记忆的影响. 心理学报, 38 (4), 523-531.
3 刘晓平, 王兆新, 陈湘川, 张达人.(2003). 视觉工作记忆中的子系统. 心理学报, 35 (5), 598-603.
4 罗良, 刘兆敏, 林崇德.(2007). 人类视空间工作记忆分离的证据与机制. 心理科学进展, 15 (3), 394-400.
5 沈模卫, 李鹏, 郎学明, 陈硕.(2007). 客体运动速度的视觉工作记忆容量. 心理科学, 30 (4), 796-801.
6 沈模卫, 王祺群, 郎学明, 李杰, 水仁德.(2007). 客体运动方向的视觉工作记忆存储方式. 心理科学, 30 (3), 514-518.
7 沃建中, 罗良, 林崇德, 吕勇.(2005). 客体与空间工作记忆的分离:来自皮层慢电位的证据. 心理学报, 37 (6), 729-738.
8 吴文春, 金志成.(2006). 视觉工作记忆中的储存单位——特征还是客体? 心理科学, 29 (1), 37-40.
9 张达人, 江雄, 唐孝威.(1997). 视空间和听觉数字记忆的混合广度. 心理学报, 29 , 234-239.
10 Alvarez, G. A., & Cavanagh, P.(2004). The capacity of visual short term memory is set both by visual information load and by number of objects. Psychological Science, 15 (2), 106-111.
11 Cowan, N.(2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24 (01), 87-114.
12 Delvenne, J. F., Braithwaite, J. J., Riddoch, M. J., & Humphreys, G. W.(2002). Capacity limits in visual short-term memory for local orientations. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive/Current Psychology of Cognition, 21 (6), 681-690.
13 Jiang, Y., Olson, I. R., & Chun, M. M.(2000). Organization of visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26 (3), 683-702.
14 Luck, S. J., & Vogel, E. K.(1997). The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions. Nature, 390 (6657), 279-281.
15 Mecklinger, A., & Pfeifer, E.(1996). Event related potentials reveal topographical-spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in spatial and object working memory. Cognitive Brain Research, 4 , 211-224.
16 Pashler, H.(1988). Familiarity and visual change detection. Percept Psychophys, 44 (4), 369-378.
17 Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Morey, C. C., & Cowan, N.(2011). How to measure working memory capacity in the change detection paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18 , 324-330
18 Saults, J. S., & Cowan, N.(2007). A central capacity limit to the simultaneous storage of visual and auditory arrays in working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136 , 663-684.
19 Smith,E. E., & Jonides, J.(1997). Working Memory: A View from Neuroimaging. Cognitive Psychology, 33 (1), 5-42.
20 Smith, E. E., Jonides, J., Koeppe, R. A., Awh, E., Schumacher, E., & Minoshima, S.(1995). Spatial vs. object working memory: PET investigations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ,(7), 337-356.
21 Vogel, E. K., Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J.(2001). Storage of features, conjunctions, and objects in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27 (1), 92-114.
22 Wheeler, M. E., & Treisman, A. M.(2002). Binding in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 131 (1), 48-64
23 Xu Y.(2002). Limitations of object-based feature encoding in visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28 (2), 458-468.
24 Zhang, W., & Luck, S. J.(2008). Discrete fixed-resolution representations in visual working memory. Nature, 453 , 233-235.

[1]	王家慰, 冼美君, 邢强. 任务数量与工作记忆容量对交错学习的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 15-21.
[2]	刘湍丽, 郝兴风, 邢敏, 白学军. 网络成瘾对大学生推理能力的影响：工作记忆容量的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 642-649.
[3]	吴国来, 张婧婧, 任方圆, 杨晶晶, 酒艳红. 工作记忆容量与走神频率关系的元分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(4): 461-471.
[4]	刘含君兰, 赵守盈, 郭海辉. 篮球运动员视觉工作记忆对注意控制的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(3): 315-320.
[5]	宋颖,张守臣,刘航宇. 工作记忆容量与第二语言水平关系的元分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2016, 14(3): 311-317.
[6]	宋淑娟,刘华山,. 数学-性别刻板印象对女生的威胁效应：场认知风格的调节作用^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(3): 302-305.
[7]	蔡笑岳,苏静. 工作记忆与领域知识在个体认知行为中的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2008, 6(4): 306-310.