负性词语与中性词语的定向遗忘效应

心理与行为研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 461-465.

负性词语与中性词语的定向遗忘效应

葛操, 田峥, 张振宁, 孙彬

郑州大学教育系，郑州 450001

收稿日期:2014-04-18 出版日期:2015-07-20 发布日期:2015-07-30
通讯作者: 田峥

The Research of Negative and Neutral Words on Directed Forgetting Effects

Ge Cao, Tian Zheng, Zhang Zhenning, Sun Bin

Department of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001

Received:2014-04-18 Online:2015-07-20 Published:2015-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以31名大学生为被试，采用负性词语和中性词语，考察负性情绪项目对被试定向遗忘效应的影响。本研究采用项目法定向遗忘实验范式，通过被试对负性词语和中性词语的再认成绩考察负性词语的定向遗忘效应。结果显示，负性词语和中性词语在记住和遗忘提示线索条件下再认成绩差异显著。但是在遗忘提示条件下，被试对中性词的再认率要显著低于负性词。因此，被试对负性词语和中性词语均可产生显著定向遗忘效应，但负性词的定向遗忘效应要小于中性词。

关键词: 负性词, 中性词, 项目法, 定向遗忘效应。

Abstract: Previous researches produced discrepant behavioral results on directed forgetting of negative and neutral words. The present research employed the item-method of directed forgetting in order to examine whether emotionally negative words can lead participants to produce directed forgetting effects. The results demonstrated directed forgetting effects for both neutral and negative words, with a stronger effects for neutral words. The results indicate that not only are emotionally negative words can be forgot in directed forgetting, but that these effects are in fact impaired for negative words.

Key words: negative words, neutral words, item-method, directed forgetting effects.

中图分类号:

B842.3

葛操, 田峥, 张振宁, 孙彬. 负性词语与中性词语的定向遗忘效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(4): 461-465.

Ge Cao, Tian Zheng, Zhang Zhenning, Sun Bin. The Research of Negative and Neutral Words on Directed Forgetting Effects[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(4): 461-465.

参考文献

[1] 白学军, 王媛媛, 杨海波.(2012). 情绪一致性对有意遗忘的影响. 心理科学, (1), 9-15.
[2] 贾宏燕, 梁拴荣.(2010). 情绪对项目法定向遗忘的影响. 心理科学, (2), 416-418.
[3] 杨文静, 杨金华, 肖宵, 张庆林.(2012). 负性情绪材料的定向遗忘及心理机制. 心理科学, (1), 10.
[4] 杨文静, 张庆林, 伍泽莲, 贾磊.(2010). 情绪性记忆的主动遗忘. 心理科学进展, (6), 871-877.
[5] Buml, K. H., & Kuhbandner, C.(2009). Positive moods can eliminate intentional forgetting. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 93-98.
[6] Brandt, K. R., Nielsen, M. K., & Holmes, A.(2013). Forgetting emotional and neutral words: An ERP study. Brain Research, 1501, 21-31.
[7] Brandt, K. R., Sünram-Lea, S. I., & Qualtrough, K.(2006). The effect of glucose administration on the emotional enhancement effect in recognition memory. Biological Psychology, 73(2), 199-208.
[8] Fawcett, J. M., & Taylor, T. L.(2008). Forgetting is effortful: Evidence from reaction time probes in an item-method directed forgetting task. Memory & Cognition, 36(6), 1168-1181.
[9] Hamann, S.(2001). Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5(9), 394-400.
[10] Hauswald, A., Schulz, H., Iordanov, T., & Kissler, J.(2011). ERP dynamics underlying successful directed forgetting of neutral but not negative pictures. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(4), 450-459.
[11] Joslyn, S. L., & Oakes, M. A.(2005). Directed forgetting of autobiographical events. Memory & Cognition, 33(4), 577-587.
[12] MacLeod, C. M., Golding, J., & MacLeod, C.(1998). Directed forgetting. Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary Approaches, 1.
[13] Nowicka, A., Marchewka, A., Jednoróg, K., Tacikowski, P., & Brechmann, A.(2011). Forgetting of emotional information is hard: an fMRI study of directed forgetting. Cerebral Cortex, 21(3), 539-549.
[14] hman, A., Flykt, A., & Esteves, F.(2001). Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(3), 466.
[15] Payne, K. B., & Corrigan, E.(2007). Emotional constraints on intentional forgetting. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(5), 780-786.
[16] Yang, W., Liu, P., Xiao, X., Li, X., Zeng, C., Qiu, J., & Zhang, Q.(2012). Different neural substrates underlying directed forgetting for negative and neutral images: An event-related potential study. Brain Research, 1441, 53-63.