重复测量和具体警示对错误信息效应的影响*

心理与行为研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 485-489.

重复测量和具体警示对错误信息效应的影响*

闫阅^1,2, 徐建平¹, 彭宇^1,3

1 北京师范大学心理学院，北京市应用实验心理重点实验室，北京 100875;
2 北京市第一〇一中学，北京 100091;
3 北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院，北京 100875

收稿日期:2014-10-01 出版日期:2015-07-20 发布日期:2015-07-30
通讯作者: 徐建平
基金资助:
2009年度北京师范大学国家大学生创新性实验计划(091002745)和国家基础科学人才培养基金(J1103601&J1210048)。

The Effects of Retest and Specific Warning on Misinformation Effect

Yan Yue^{1, 2}, Xu Jianping¹, Peng Yu^{1, 3}

1 School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Lab for Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing 100875;
2 Beijing 101 Middle School, Beijing 100091;
3 School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing 100875

Received:2014-10-01 Online:2015-07-20 Published:2015-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在司法心理学领域，目击证人提供的不准确信息会产生错误信息效应，这直接影响法官的判断。本研究采用误导信息干扰范式，以大学生为被试，采用三因素混合设计，探讨个体记忆中重复测量和具体警示对错误信息效应的影响。实验结果证实了错误信息效应和重测现象的存在。实验结果表明，与时间因素相比，初测时的干扰信息是导致重测现象出现的主要原因；同时还发现，具体警示比指导语警示更能有效降低被试的错误信息效应，并能防止出现重测现象。

关键词: 错误信息效应, 重测现象, 重测影响, 具体警示。

Abstract: Using the paradigm of misinformation invented by Loftus, the experiments simulated the process of eyewitness memory with college students as the subjects to complement the field of false memory and apply the result to the field of justice. In this study, with the two-factor mixed design, the researchers investigated the mechanism of retest phenomenon in false memory. The two factors were misinformation and warning. The subjects were warned with an indication and a specific case which is similar with the way of misinformation in the study. The results showed: 1)misinformation effects and retest phenomenon do exist. 2)Retest factor is the main reason that results in retest phenomenon rather than time factor. 3)Specific warning condition has some positive effects on avoiding misinformation effect and retest phenomenon. Specific warning is more effective than traditional warning with just a indirection.

Key words: misinformation effect, retest phenomenon, retest factor, specific warning.

中图分类号:

B849

闫阅, 徐建平, 彭宇. 重复测量和具体警示对错误信息效应的影响*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(4): 485-489.

Yan Yue, Xu Jianping, Peng Yu. The Effects of Retest and Specific Warning on Misinformation Effect[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(4): 485-489.

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