中文阅读障碍儿童的时间加工缺陷:来自知觉学习干预研究的证据

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 前人研究指出，阅读障碍群体具有听觉通道内的时间加工缺陷，但截止目前为止，该缺陷的非模态性、跨语言一般性、干预前景及具体机制尚不明确。本文通过综述三项在中文阅读障碍儿童中开展的听觉、视觉时间加工知觉训练，以及它们对阅读成绩的迁移效应，对时间加工技能与阅读障碍的关系，及其影响阅读发展的认知机制进行了探讨和分析，并在此基础上，提出了未来的研究构想，以充实该领域的理论建构。

关键词: 发展性阅读障碍, 时间加工缺陷, 知觉学习训练

Abstract: Previous research has shown that the temporal processing of auditory stimuli is impaired in population with dyslexia. But until now, the amodality, cross-linguistic generality, as well as the intervention prospects and the underlying mechanisms of this specific deficit are still unclear. The current paper summarizes three perceptual learning studies using either auditory or visual temporal processing paradigms conducted in Chinese dyslexia children, with a major focus on the transfer effect to reading performances. Based on comprehensive analysis and discussion on the relation between temporal processing skills and reading difficulties, along with the cognitive mechanism that affects reading development, several ideas for future research are proposed to enrich the theoretical construction of this field.

Key words: developmental dyslexia, temporal processing deficit, perceptual learning

中图分类号:

B842.5

张曼莉, 孟祥芝, 郑小蓓. 中文阅读障碍儿童的时间加工缺陷:来自知觉学习干预研究的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(5): 583-593,623.

ZHANG Manli, MENG Xiangzhi, ZHENG Xiaobei. The Temporal Processing Deficit in Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence from Perceptual Learning Studies[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(5): 583-593,623.

参考文献

艾锋. (2015). 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的知觉学习训练 (硕士学位论文). 北京大学.
林欧. (2013). 儿童质地辨别训练与汉语阅读发展 (硕士学位论文). 北京大学.
谢为伊. (2014). 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的时间加工学习 (硕士学位论文). 北京大学.
Boets, B., Vandermosten, M., Poelmans, H., Luts, H., Wouters, J., & Ghesquière, P. (2011). Preschool impairments in auditory processing and speech perception uniquely predict future reading problems. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(2), 560-570.
Casini, L., Pech-Georgel, C., & Ziegler, J. C. (2018). It's about time:Revisiting temporal processing deficits in dyslexia. Developmental Science, 21(2), e12530.
Chung, K. K. H., McBride-Chang, C., Wong, S. W. L., Cheung, H., Penney, T. B., & Ho, C. S. H. (2008). The role of visual and auditory temporal processing for Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 58(1), 15-35.
Colling, L. J., Noble, H. L., & Goswami, U. (2017). Neural entrainment and sensorimotor synchronization to the beat in Children with developmental dyslexia:An EEG study. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 360.
Dougherty, R. F., Cynader, M. S., Bjornson, B. H., Edgell, D., & Giaschi, D. E. (1998). Dichotic pitch:A new stimulus distinguishes normal and dyslexic auditory function. Neuroreport, 9(13), 3001-3005.
Facoetti, A., & Turatto, M. (2000). Asymmetrical visual fields distribution of attention in dyslexic children:A neuropsychological study. Neuroscience Letters, 290(3), 216-218.
Facoetti, A., Ruffino, M., Peru, A., Paganoni, P., & Chelazzi, L. (2008). Sluggish engagement and disengagement of non-spatial attention in dyslexic children. Cortex, 44(9), 1221-1233.
Fostick, L., Eshcoly, R., Shtibelman, H., Nehemia, R., & Levi, H. (2014). Efficacy of temporal processing training to improve phonological awareness among dyslexic and normal reading students. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 40(5), 1799-1807.
Fraser, J., Goswami, U., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2010). Dyslexia and specific language impairment:The role of phonology and auditory processing. Scientific Studies of Reading, 14(1), 8-29.
Gaab, N., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Deutsch, G. K., Tallal, P., & Temple, E. (2007). Neural correlates of rapid auditory processing are disrupted in children with developmental dyslexia and ameliorated with training:An fMRI study. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 25(3-4), 295-310.
Galaburda, A., & Livingstone, M. (1993). Evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 682(1), 70-82.
Giraud, A. L., & Poeppel, D. (2012). Cortical oscillations and speech processing:Emerging computational principles and operations. Nature Neuroscience, 15(4), 511-517.
Goswami, U. (2011). A temporal sampling framework for developmental dyslexia. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 3-10.
Goswami, U. (2015). Sensory theories of developmental dyslexia:Three challenges for research. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16, 43-54.
Goswami, U., Fosker, T., Huss, M., Mead, N., & Szücs, D. (2011). Rise time and formant transition duration in the discrimination of speech sounds:The Ba-Wa distinction in developmental dyslexia. Developmental Science, 14(1), 34-43.
Goswami, U., Power, A. J., Lallier, M., & Facoetti, A. (2014). Oscillatory "temporal sampling" and developmental dyslexia:Toward an over-arching theoretical framework. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 904.
Goswami, U., Wang, H. L. S., Cruz, A., Fosker, T., Mead, N., & Huss, M. (2011). Language-universal sensory deficits in developmental dyslexia:English, Spanish, and Chinese. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(2), 325-337.
Hämäläinen, J., Leppänen, P. H. T., Torppa, M., Müller, K., & Lyytinen, H. (2005). Detection of sound rise time by adults with dyslexia. Brain and Language, 94(1), 32-42.
Hämäläinen, J. A., Rupp, A., Soltész, F., Szücs, D., & Goswami, U. (2012). Reduced phase locking to slow amplitude modulation in adults with dyslexia:An MEG study. NeuroImage, 59(3), 2952-2961.
Hämäläinen, J. A., Salminen, H. K., & Leppänen, P. H. T. (2013). Basic auditory processing deficits in dyslexia:Systematic review of the behavioral and event-related potential/field evidence. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 46(5), 413-427.
Hanley, J. R., & Gard, F. (1995). A dissociation between developmental surface and phonological dyslexia in two undergraduate students. Neuropsychologia, 33(7), 909-914.
Hari, R., & Renvall, H. (2001). Impaired processing of rapid stimulus sequences in dyslexia. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5(12), 525-532.
Hari, R., Valta, M., & Uutela, K. (1999). Prolonged attentional dwell time in dyslexic adults. Neuroscience Letters, 271(3), 202-204.
Johnston, R., Pitchford, N. J., Roach, N. W., & Ledgeway, T. (2017). Encoding of rapid time-varying information is impaired in poor readers. Journal of Vision, 17(5), 1.
Karni, A., & Sagi, D. (1991). Where practice makes perfect in texture discrimination:Evidence for primary visual cortex plasticity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88(11), 4966-4970.
Krause, M. B. (2015). Pay attention!:Sluggish multisensory attentional shifting as a core deficit in developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia, 21(4), 285-303.
Laasonen, M., Service, E., & Virsu, V. J. (2001). Temporal order and processing acuity of visual, auditory, and tactile perception in developmentally dyslexic young adults. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1(4), 394-410.
Lallier, M., Donnadieu, S., Berger, C., & Valdois, S. (2010). A case study of developmental phonological dyslexia:Is the attentional deficit in the perception of rapid stimuli sequences amodal? Cortex, 46(2), 231-241.
Lallier, M., Molinaro, N., Lizarazu, M., Bourguignon, M., & Carreiras, M. (2017). Amodal atypical neural oscillatory activity in dyslexia. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(2), 379-401.
Lehongre, K., Ramus, F., Villiermet, N., Schwartz, D., & Giraud, A. L. (2011). Altered low-γ sampling in auditory cortex accounts for the three main facets of dyslexia. Neuron, 72(6), 1080-1090.
Lorenzi, C., Dumont, A., & Füllgrabe, C. (2000). Use of temporal envelope cues by children with developmental dyslexia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43(6), 1367-1379.
Lovegrove, W. J., Bowling, A., Badcock, D., & Blackwood, M. (1980). Specific reading disability:Differences in contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency. Science, 210(4468), 439-440.
Luo, H., & Poeppel, D. (2007). Phase patterns of neuronal responses reliably discriminate speech in human auditory cortex. Neuron, 54(6), 1001-1010.
Luo, H., Liu, Z. X., & Poeppel, D. (2010). Auditory cortex tracks both auditory and visual stimulus dynamics using low-frequency neuronal phase modulation. PLoS Biology, 8(8), e1000445.
Lyon, G. R., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2003). A definition of dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 53(1), 1-14.
Malenfant, N., Grondin, S., Boivin, M., Forget-Dubois, N., Robaey, P., & Dionne, G. (2012). Contribution of temporal processing skills to reading comprehension in 8-year-olds:Evidence for a mediation effect of phonological awareness. Child Development, 83(4), 1332-1346.
McAnally, K. I., & Stein, J. F. (1996). Auditory temporal coding in dyslexia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, 263(1373), 961-965.
McAnally, K. I., & Stein, J. F. (1997). Scalp potentials evoked by amplitude-modulated tones in dyslexia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(4), 939-945.
McCandliss, B. D., & Noble, K. G. (2003). The development of reading impairment:A cognitive neuroscience model. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 9(3), 196-204.
Menell, P., McAnally, K. I., & Stein, J. F. (1999). Psychophysical sensitivity and physiological response to amplitude modulation in adult dyslexic listeners. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(4), 797-803.
Meng, X., Lin, O., Wang, F., Jiang, Y., & Song, Y. (2014). Reading performance is enhanced by visual texture discrimination training in Chinese-speaking children with developmental dyslexia. PloS one, 9(9), e108274.
Merzenich, M. M., Jenkins, W. M., Johnston, P., Schreiner, C., Miller, S. L., & Tallal, P. (1996). Temporal processing deficits of language-learning impaired children ameliorated by training. Science, 271(5245), 77-81.
Molinaro, N., Lizarazu, M., Lallier, M., Bourguignon, M., & Carreiras, M. (2016). Out-of-synchrony speech entrainment in developmental dyslexia. Human Brain Mapping, 37(8), 2767-2783.
Mossbridge, J., Zweig, J., Grabowecky, M., & Suzuki, S. (2017). An association between auditory-visual synchrony processing and reading comprehension:Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(3), 435-447.
Nicolson, R. I., Fawcett, A. J., & Dean, P. (1995). Time estimation deficits in developmental dyslexia:Evidence of cerebellar involvement. Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, 259(1354), 43-47.
Pammer, K. (2014). Temporal sampling in vision and the implications for dyslexia. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 933.
Pasquini, E. S., Corriveau, K. H., & Goswami, U. (2007). Auditory processing of amplitude envelope rise time in adults diagnosed with developmental dyslexia. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11(3), 259-286.
Peterson, R. L., & Pennington, B. F. (2012). Developmental dyslexia. Lancet, 379(9830), 1997-2007.
Poeppel, D., Idsardi, W. J., & van Wassenhove, V. (2008). Speech perception at the interface of neurobiology and linguistics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, 363(1493), 1071-1086.
Power, A. J., Colling, L. J., Mead, N., Barnes, L., & Goswami, U. (2016). Neural encoding of the speech envelope by children with developmental dyslexia. Brain and Language, 160, 1-10.
Ramus, F. (2003). Developmental dyslexia:Specific phonological deficit or general sensorimotor dysfunction? Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13(2), 212-218.
Rocheron, I., Lorenzi, C., Füllgrabe, C., & Dumont, A. (2002). Temporal envelope perception in dyslexic children. Neuroreport, 13(13), 1683-1687.
Seymour, P. H. K. (1999). Cognitive architecture of early reading. In I. Lundberg, F. E. Tønnessen, & I. Austad (Eds.), Dyslexia:Advances in theory and practice (Vol. 16, pp. 59-73). Dordrecht:Springer.
Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2005). Dyslexia (specific reading disability). Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1301-1309.
Soltész, F., Szücs, D., Leong, V., White, S., & Goswami, U. (2013). Differential entrainment of neuroelectric delta oscillations in developmental dyslexia. PLoS One, 8(10), e76608.
Spinelli, D., De Luca, M., Judica, A., & Zoccolotti, P. (2002). Crowding effects on word identification in developmental dyslexia. Cortex, 38(2), 179-200.
Stein, J. (2001). The magnocellular theory of developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia, 7(1), 12-36.
Stein, J., & Walsh, V. (1997). To see but not to read; The magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Trends in Neurosciences, 20(4), 147-152.
Stoet, G., Markey, H., & López, B. (2007). Dyslexia and attentional shifting. Neuroscience Letters, 427(1), 61-65.
Tallal, P. (1980). Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children. Brain and Language, 9(2), 182-198.
Tallal, P., Miller, S. L., Bedi, G., Byma, G., Wang, X., Nagarajan, S. S., … Merzenich, M. M. (1996). Language comprehension in language-learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech. Science, 271(5245), 81-84.
Temple, E., Deutsch, G. K., Poldrack, R. A., Miller, S. L., Tallal, P., Merzenich, M. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003). Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation:Evidence from functional MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(5), 2860-2865.
Valdois, S., Bosse, M. L., & Tainturier, M. J. (2004). The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia:Review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder. Dyslexia, 10(4), 339-363.
Vandermosten, M., Boets, B., Luts, H., Poelmans, H., Golestani, N., Wouters, J., & Ghesquière, P. (2010). Adults with dyslexia are impaired in categorizing speech and nonspeech sounds on the basis of temporal cues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(23), 10389-10394.
Vandermosten, M., Boets, B., Luts, H., Poelmans, H., Wouters, J., & Ghesquière, P. (2011). Impairments in speech and nonspeech sound categorization in children with dyslexia are driven by temporal processing difficulties. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(2), 593-603.
Vellutino, F. R., Fletcher, J. M., Snowling, M. J., & Scanlon, D. M. (2004). Specific reading disability (dyslexia):What have we learned in the past four decades? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(1), 2-40.
Walker, K. M. M., Hall, S. E., Klein, R. M., & Phillips, D. P. (2006). Development of perceptual correlates of reading performance. Brain Research, 1124(1), 126-141.
Wallace, M. T., & Stevenson, R. A. (2014). The construct of the multisensory temporal binding window and its dysregulation in developmental disabilities. Neuropsychologia, 64, 105-123.
Wang, R., Cong, L. J., & Yu, C. (2013). The classical TDT perceptual learning is mostly temporal learning. Journal of Vision, 13(5), 9.
Wright, B. A., Bowen, R. W., & Zecker, S. G. (2000). Nonlinguistic perceptual deficits associated with reading and language disorders. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 10(4), 482-486.
Zénon, A., Ben Hamed, S., Duhamel, J. R., & Olivier, E. (2009). Visual search without attentional displacement. Journal of Vision, 9(11), 9.
Zhang, M., Xie, W., Xu, Y., & Meng, X. (2018). Auditory temporal perceptual learning and transfer in Chinese-speaking children with developmental dyslexia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 74, 146-159.
Zhao, J., Qian, Y., Bi, H. Y., & Coltheart, M. (2014). The visual magnocellular-dorsal dysfunction in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia impedes Chinese character recognition. Scientific Reports, 4, 7068.
Ziegler, J. C., & Goswami, U. (2005). Reading acquisition, developmental dyslexia, and skilled reading across languages:A psycholinguistic grain size theory. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 3-29.
Zorzi, M., Barbiero, C., Facoetti, A., Lonciari, I., Carrozzi, M., Montico, M., … Ziegler, J. C. (2012). Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(28), 11455-11459.

[1]	梁菲菲, 向颖, 武浩, 韩洋. 汉语发展性阅读障碍小学生词边界划分的发展研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 757-763.
[2]	杨宇, 马杰, 谭珂, 张明哲, 白学军. 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的快速命名缺陷[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(5): 652-661.
[3]	季雨竹, 张逸玮, 毕鸿燕. 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的视觉大细胞-背侧通路功能[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(5): 577-582.
[4]	白学军, 张明哲, 孟红霞, 谭珂, 王雯. 词边界信息对发展性阅读障碍儿童朗读和默读影响的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(5): 594-602.
[5]	谭珂, 马杰, 连坤予, 郭志英, 白学军. 双重缺陷汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的言语工作记忆和阅读能力研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(3): 308-314,354.
[6]	田梦雨,张熙,张逸玮,毕鸿燕. 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的不同视野注意能力[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2016, 14(3): 289-297.
[7]	刘艳, 陶云, 王晓曦, 马谐, 陈睿, 李思齐2. 发展性阅读障碍与工作记忆损伤研究进展*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(6): 846-852.
[8]	熊建萍，闫国利. 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的主要亚类型分析^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(4): 496-500.
[9]	姜华, 卢春明彭聃龄郭桃梅. 不同阅读水平儿童中央执行系统比较研究[J]. , 2008, 6(1): 42-49.
[10]	彭聃龄,杨静. 小脑与发展性阅读障碍[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2004, 2(1): 368-372.