编码-提取匹配和线索负荷对部分线索效应的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 编码-提取匹配的观点指出，提取线索与编码情境的匹配程度决定回忆成绩；但辨别过程的观点认为，除了编码-提取匹配外，还需考虑线索的负荷。通过两个实验，本研究考察上述观点能否解释部分线索对记忆提取的作用机制。实验1考察编码-提取匹配对部分线索效应的影响，结果发现：不匹配部分线索诱发经典的部分线索干扰效应，匹配性部分线索则产生部分线索促进效应；实验2进一步考察编码-提取匹配和线索负荷对部分线索效应的共同作用，结果发现：编码-提取匹配和线索负荷共同决定部分线索对记忆提取的作用，高编码-提取匹配、低线索负荷条件下，被试回忆成绩最好。结果表明，部分线索对记忆提取的作用取决于部分线索是否提供了关于目标项目的辨别性信息。

关键词: 部分线索, 记忆提取, 编码-提取匹配, 线索负荷, 辨别

Abstract: The encoding-retrieval match has been established as a means to improve memory performance. It has recently been proposed that memory performance is determined by the encoding-retrieval match and that the cue overload effect needs to be taken into account when predicting memory performance. Two experiments were conducted to explore the effect of encoding-retrieval match and cue-overload on part-list cuing effect. By adopting semantic match task, Experiment 1 examined the effect of encoding-retrieval match on part-list cuing effect. On the basis of Experiment 1, Experiment 2 Examined the combined effect of encoding-retrieval match and cue-overload on part-list cuing effect. The findings show that increasing the overall encoding-retrieval match reduces the negative influence of part-list cues, which is sensitive to cue-overload; only when the part-list cues provide the diagnostic information of target items, can the memory performance be improved. The results indicates that the combined action of encoding-retrieval match and cue-overload is a better predictor of memory performance when providing part-list cues.

Key words: part-list cues, memory retrieval, encoding-retrieval match, cue overload, memory-as-discrimination

中图分类号:

B842

刘湍丽, 赵宇飞, 邢敏, 白学军. 编码-提取匹配和线索负荷对部分线索效应的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(4): 433-441.

LIU Tuanli, ZHAO Yufei, XING Min, BAI Xuejun. The Effect of Encoding-retrieval Match and Cue Overload on Part-list Cuing Effect[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(4): 433-441.

参考文献

白学军, 巩彦斌, 刘湍丽. (2014). 提取抑制对错误记忆的影响. 心理学探新, 34(2), 124-130, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5184.2014.02.005
白学军, 刘湍丽, 邢敏, 巩彦斌. (2015). 记忆提取的决定因素:线索负荷、编码-提取匹配和辨别. 心理科学进展, 23(3), 349-363
刘湍丽, 白学军. (2017). 部分线索对记忆提取的影响:认知抑制能力的作用. 心理学报, 49(9), 1158-1171
刘旭. (2013). 提取诱发遗忘的发展及其机制研究(博士学位论文). 天津师范大学.
刘源, 梁南元, 王德进, 张社英, 杨铁鹰, 揭春雨, 孙伟. (1990). 现代汉语常用词词频词典-音序部分. 北京:宇航出版社.
唐卫海, 刘湍丽, 石英, 冯虹, 刘希平. (2014). 图片部分线索效应的学习时间分配的发展. 心理学报, 46(5), 621-638
Albinsson, M., & Andréasson, T. (2015). What effect does the relationship between the encoding-retrieval match and cue overload have on memory performance? Is confidence-accuracy correlation affected by the diagnostic value of a cue? An assessment of memory functions (Unpublished bachelor's thesis). Lund University.
Badham, S. P., Poirier, M., Gandhi, N., Hadjivassiliou, A., & Maylor, E. A. (2016). Aging and memory as discrimination:Influences of encoding specificity, cue overload, and prior knowledge. Psychology and Aging, 31(7), 758-770, doi:10.1037/pag0000126.
Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 617-645, doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639.
Bäuml, K. H., & Samenieh, A. (2012). Influences of part-list cuing on different forms of episodic forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(2), 366-375, doi:10.1037/a0025367.
Beaman, C. P., Hanczakowski, M., Hodgetts, H. M., Marsh, J. E., & Jones, D. M. (2013). Memory as discrimination:What distraction reveals. Memory & Cognition, 41(8), 1238-1251.
Bramão, I., & Johansson, M. (2015). The encoding-retrieval match principle and the diagnostic value of the retrieval cue:An event-related potential study. Abstract from Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, San Francisco, United States.
Bramão, I., & Johansson, M. (2017). Benefits and costs of context reinstatement in episodic memory:An ERP study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(1), 52-64, doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01035.
Brown, A. S., & Hall, L. A. (1979). Part-list cueing inhibition in semantic memory structures. American Journal of Psychology, 92(2), 351-362, doi:10.2307/1421929.
Dewhurst, S. A., & Brandt, K. R. (2007). Reinstating effortful encoding operations at test enhances episodic remembering. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(4), 543-550, doi:10.1080/17470210601137086.
Engelkamp, J., Zimmer, H. D., Mohr, G., & Sellen, O. (1994). Memory of self-performed tasks:Self-performing during recognition. Memory & Cognition, 22(1), 34-39.
Fisher, R. P., & Craik, F. I. M. (1977). Interaction between encoding and retrieval operations in cued recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Learning and Memory, 3(6), 701-711, doi:10.1037/0278-7393.3.6.701.
Fritz, C. O., & Morris, P. E. (2015). Part-set cuing of texts, scenes, and matrices. British Journal of Psychology, 106(1), 1-21, doi:10.1111/bjop.2015.106.issue-1.
Garcia-Marques, L., Garrido, M. V., Hamilton, D. L., & Ferreira, M. B. (2012). Effects of correspondence between encoding and retrieval organization in social memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 200-206, doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.06.017.
Glisky, E. L., & Rabinowitz, J. C. (1985). Enhancing the generation effect through repetition of operations. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11(2), 193-205, doi:10.1037/0278-7393.11.2.193.
Godden, D. R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in two natural environments:On land and underwater. British Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 325-331, doi:10.1111/bjop.1975.66.issue-3.
Goh, W. D., & Lu, S. H. X. (2012). Testing the myth of the encoding-retrieval match. Memory & Cognition, 40(1), 28-39.
Goh, W. D., & Tan, H. Q. (2006). Proactive interference and cuing effects in short-term cued recall:Does foil context matter? Memory & Cognition, 34(5), 1063-1079.
Hofmeister, P. (2011). Representational complexity and memory retrieval in language comprehension. Language and Cognitive Processes, 26(3), 376-405, doi:10.1080/01690965.2010.492642.
Isarida, T., Isarida, T. K., & Sakai, T. (2012). Effects of study time and meaningfulness on environmental context-dependent recognition. Memory & Cognition, 40(8), 1225-1235.
John, T., & Aslan, A. (2018). Part-list cuing effects in children:A developmental dissociation between the detrimental and beneficial effect. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 166, 705-712, doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2017.08.013.
Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger Ⅲ, H. L. (2007). Repeated retrieval during learning is the key to long-term retention. Journal of Memory and Language, 57(2), 151-162, doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.09.004.
Kent, C., & Lamberts, K. (2008). The encoding-retrieval relationship:Retrieval as mental simulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(3), 92-98, doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.12.004.
Marsh, E. J., Dolan, P. O., Balota, D. A., & Roediger Ⅲ, H. L. (2004). Part-set cuing effects in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 19(1), 134-144, doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.134.
Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16(5), 519-533, doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80016-9.
Nairne, J. S. (2002). The myth of the encoding-retrieval match. Memory, 10(5-6), 389-395.
Nairne, J. S. (2005). The functionalist agenda in memory research. In A. F. Healy (Ed.), Experimental cognitive psychology and its applications (pp. 115-126). Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
Nairne, J. S. (2006). Modeling distinctiveness:Implications for general memory theory. In R. R. Hunt & J. B. Worthen (Eds.), Distinctiveness and memory (pp. 27-46). New York, NY:Oxford University Press.
Nickerson, R. S. (1984). Retrieval inhibition from part-set cuing:A persisting enigma in memory research. Memory & Cognition, 12(6), 531-552.
Poirier, M., Nairne, J. S., Morin, C., Zimmermann, F. G. S., Koutmeridou, K., & Fowler, J. (2012). Memory as discrimination:A challenge to the encoding-retrieval match principle. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(1), 16-29, doi:10.1037/a0024956.
Roediger Ⅲ, H. L., Stellon, C. C., & Tulving, E. (1977). Inhibition from part-list cues and rate of recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Learning and Memory, 3(2), 174-188, doi:10.1037/0278-7393.3.2.174.
Roediger Ⅲ, H. L., Tekin, K., & Uner, O. (2017). Encoding-retrieval interactions. In J. H. Byrne (Ed.), Learning and memory:A comprehensive reference (pp. 5-26). New York, NY:Academic Press.
Slamecka, N. J. (1968). An examination of trace storage in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(4), 504-513, doi:10.1037/h0025695.
Tullis, J. G., & Benjamin, A. S. (2015). Cue generation:How learners flexibly support future retrieval. Memory & Cognition, 43(6), 922-938.
Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. New York:Oxford University Press.
Tulving, E., & Pearlstone, Z. (1966). Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5(4), 381-391, doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80048-8.
Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 352-373, doi:10.1037/h0020071.
Ulatowska, J., Olszewska, J., & Hanson, M. D. (2016). Do format differences in the presentation of information affect susceptibility to memory distortions? The three-stage misinformation procedure reconsidered. American Journal of Psychology, 129(4), 407-417, doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.129.4.0407.
Ward, E. V., Maylor, E. A., Poirier, M., Korko, M., & Ruud, J. C. M. (2016). A benefit of context reinstatement to recognition memory in aging:the role of familiarity processes. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 24(6), 1-20.
Watkins, O. C., & Watkins, M. J. (1975). Buildup of proactive inhibition as a cue-overload effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Learning and Memory, 1(4), 442-452, doi:10.1037/0278-7393.1.4.442.
Wheeler, M. E., Petersen, S. E., & Buckner, R. L. (2000). Memory's echo:Vivid remembering reactivates sensory-specific cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(20), 11125-11129, doi:10.1073/pnas.97.20.11125.
Wheeler, R. L., & Gabbert, F. (2017). Using self-generated cues to facilitate recall:A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1830, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01830.

[1]	杨官豆豆, 谭静文, 刘苗苗, 李虹. 两两比较在汉语文本难度评估中的应用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 151-160.
[2]	王娅珂, 张雨轩, 冯琳琳, 卡明芳, 梁菲菲. 小学三到五年级儿童阅读眼动模式的发展及其与阅读理解的关系[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 161-169.
[3]	卢林鑫, 刘在花, 刘红萍, 蔺秀云, 周瀚翔, 班永飞, 孙霁, 李小青, 张依晴, 黄海珍. 特校跨文化敏感性氛围与视障学生亲社会行为：双文化认同整合的多层贝叶斯中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 170-177.
[4]	王丹云, 王玉龙, 唐卓. 青少年运动习惯与自尊、心理韧性的动态关系：基于交叉滞后与随机截距交叉滞后模型的分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 178-186.
[5]	马燕, 王振宏. 道德自我知觉对欺骗行为的影响：解释水平的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 39-45.
[6]	刘思远, 朱麟, 王瑞冰, 徐楚言, 王芸萍, 刘聪慧. 道德决策中是否存在方言效应？[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 31-38.
[7]	姚远青, 郭易安, 李春梅, 吴亚楠, 石雷, 赵广平. 几何图形社会角色隐喻的映射机制：行为和ERPs证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 23-30.
[8]	付春野, 吕勇. 预期与时间注意对视觉感知的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 15-22.
[9]	钱程, 赵越, 牛溪溪, 顾佳灿, 王爱君. 三维空间深度位置上情绪面孔对返回抑制的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 8-14.
[10]	郭梅华, 兰泽波, 巫金根, 李赛男, 吴俊杰, 闫国利. 汉语词切分和字号对阅读知觉广度的影响：眼动的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 1-7.
[11]	陈汝淇, 包亚倩, 黄林洁琼, 李兴珊. 中文阅读中词语加工与眼动控制整合模型简介[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 725-735.
[12]	梁菲菲, 冯琳琳, 刘瑛, 王昶浩, 王洁. 词素位置概率信息在中文双字词识别中的作用：词汇语境多样性的调节[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 736-743.
[13]	于秒, 王文娣, 陈晓霄. 汉语“N的V”结构加工的韵律制约[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 744-750.
[14]	陈婉婷, 张逸飞, 何清华. 准确性提示降低错误信息的分享意愿[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 751-759.
[15]	马大付, 秦春影, 喻晓锋, 何催. 项目区分度指标在属性多水平和混合计分项目下的组卷研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 760-769.