自我调节失败与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系：纵向追踪研究

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对200名不同调节定向的大学生进行为期6个月的追踪调查以探索长期自我调节失败与抑郁和焦虑症状及两者共存的关系。结果发现：(1)促进定向组在抑郁、焦虑以及自我调节失败得分上低于预防定向组；(2)控制基线期抑郁和焦虑症状，促进和预防定向系统的自我调节失败均可正向预测3个月后抑郁–焦虑症状共存；(3)抑郁症状的维持和发展与促进目标失败有关，焦虑症状的维持和发展与预防目标失败有关；(4)基线期抑郁不仅通过促进目标失败程度来维持和发展，还通过促进和预防目标失败程度来正向预测继发的焦虑；基线期焦虑不仅通过预防目标失败程度来维持和发展，还能正向预测继发的抑郁。

关键词: 自我调节, 调节定向理论, 抑郁, 焦虑

Abstract:

To explore the relationship between self-regulatory failure and symptoms of depression and anxiety, a total sample of 200 college students with different self-regulation orientations (100 promotion focused participants and 100 prevention focused participants) were recruited to complete the survey at three time points with six months intervals (T1, T2, T3). The results showed that: 1) The promotion focused group had lower depressive, anxiety and self-regulation failure scores than those in the prevention focused group at T1 and T3. 2) Promotion focused failure and prevention focused failure at T2 both positively predicted the occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms at T3. 3) Depressive symptoms were associated with promotion focused failure; anxiety symptoms were associated with prevention focused failure. 4) Promotion focused failure at T2 mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms at T1 and anxiety and depressive symptoms at T3; prevention focus failure mediated the relationship between anxiety symptoms at T1 and secondary depressive and anxiety symptoms at T3. These findings provide empirical support for the validity of self-regulation theory, especially in explaining and predicting the occurrence and development of depression and anxiety symptoms.

Key words: self-regulation, regulation focused theory, depression, anxiety

中图分类号:

B849

杨雪岭, 张桥芬, 王慧琪, 孙熙原, 陈佩儀, 王优. 自我调节失败与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系：纵向追踪研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(1): 116-122.

Xueling YANG, Qiaofen ZHANG, Huiqi WANG, Xiyuan SUN, Peiyi CHEN, You WANG. The Relationship Between Self-Regulatory Failure and Depression, Anxiety Symptoms: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(1): 116-122.

图/表 5

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变量	促进定向组	预防定向组	t(df)	p	Cohen’s d
T1促进定向	25.98±1.20	19.53±3.78	16.28(118.70)	<0.001	2.30
T1预防定向	13.81±2.83	18.61±0.79	−16.33(114.33)	<0.001	2.31
T1抑郁	6.03±5.40	11.24±8.96	−4.98(162.62)	<0.001	0.70
T1焦虑	5.22±5.24	8.98±8.60	−3.74(163.72)	<0.001	0.53
T2促进目标失败程度	12.97±4.73	16.56±5.31	−4.99(188.97)	<0.001	0.71
T2预防目标失败程度	13.10±4.81	16.93±5.06	−5.41(191.74)	<0.001	0.78
T3促进定向	24.52±2.80	19.62±3.69	10.36(173.30)	<0.001	1.50
T3预防定向	14.32±2.72	17.61±1.40	−10.63(148.28)	<0.001	1.52
T3抑郁	5.82±6.15	10.98±9.91	−4.32(153.95)	<0.001	0.63
T3焦虑	5.42±6.20	10.03±10.24	−3.76(151.59)	<0.001	0.54

变量	促进定向组	预防定向组	t(df)	p	Cohen’s d
T1促进定向	25.98±1.20	19.53±3.78	16.28(118.70)	<0.001	2.30
T1预防定向	13.81±2.83	18.61±0.79	−16.33(114.33)	<0.001	2.31
T1抑郁	6.03±5.40	11.24±8.96	−4.98(162.62)	<0.001	0.70
T1焦虑	5.22±5.24	8.98±8.60	−3.74(163.72)	<0.001	0.53
T2促进目标失败程度	12.97±4.73	16.56±5.31	−4.99(188.97)	<0.001	0.71
T2预防目标失败程度	13.10±4.81	16.93±5.06	−5.41(191.74)	<0.001	0.78
T3促进定向	24.52±2.80	19.62±3.69	10.36(173.30)	<0.001	1.50
T3预防定向	14.32±2.72	17.61±1.40	−10.63(148.28)	<0.001	1.52
T3抑郁	5.82±6.15	10.98±9.91	−4.32(153.95)	<0.001	0.63
T3焦虑	5.42±6.20	10.03±10.24	−3.76(151.59)	<0.001	0.54

结果变量	预测变量	R²	B	SE	β	t
T3抑郁	T2促进目标失败程度		0.83	0.09	0.52	9.40***
(连续性变量)	T1抑郁	0.73	0.40	0.05	0.37	8.29***
	T2预防目标失败程度		0.19	0.09	0.12	2.25*
T3焦虑	T2预防目标失败程度		0.71	0.10	0.43	7.28***
(连续性变量)	T1焦虑	0.68	0.58	0.06	0.49	9.64***
	T2促进目标失败程度		0.37	0.10	0.23	3.79***
	T1抑郁		−0.22	0.06	−0.19	−3.59***

结果变量	预测变量	R²	B	SE	β	t
T3抑郁	T2促进目标失败程度		0.83	0.09	0.52	9.40***
(连续性变量)	T1抑郁	0.73	0.40	0.05	0.37	8.29***
	T2预防目标失败程度		0.19	0.09	0.12	2.25*
T3焦虑	T2预防目标失败程度		0.71	0.10	0.43	7.28***
(连续性变量)	T1焦虑	0.68	0.58	0.06	0.49	9.64***
	T2促进目标失败程度		0.37	0.10	0.23	3.79***
	T1抑郁		−0.22	0.06	−0.19	−3.59***

结果变量	预测变量	Cox & Snell R²	B	SE	Wals	Exp(B)
T3抑郁焦虑症状共存	T2促进目标失败程度		0.41	0.12	11.45	1.50***
(二分类变量)	T2预防目标失败程度	0.34	0.26	0.10	6.30	1.30*
	T1焦虑		0.13	0.05	7.38	1.14**