足球运动员对点球动作的速度预判优势及其大脑加工特征

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在动作理解的范畴下，速度预判是动作预判在时间维度上的加工。大量研究验证了运动专家对专项动作有空间预判的优势，但对于速度预判是否具有同样的优势和加工特征尚未得到验证。因此，本研究采用速度变化辨别任务(实验1)和时间阻断技术(实验2)探讨了足球运动员对点球动作的速度预判优势和认知加工特征。并进一步借助功能磁共振成像技术(实验3)验证该优势的关键大脑活动特征。结果发现，专家组的预测正确率与反应时显著优于对照组；兴趣区分析结果发现，在左侧顶下小叶(IPL)和右侧外侧枕颞皮层(LOTC)，专家组的激活程度要显著高于对照组；多体素模式分析发现，左侧IPL能够对球速进行有效的解码(76.7%)。结果表明，足球运动员具有点球动作的速度预判优势，且左侧IPL是预期速度过程中的重要区域，提示动作意图的理解可能参与了速度预判的加工过程。

关键词: 速度预判, 动作理解, 足球运动员, 左侧IPL, 多体素模式分析

Abstract:

Under the framework of action understanding, speed anticipation represents the temporal dimension of action prediction. Therefore, this study employed a speed discrimination task (Experiment 1) and temporal occlusion technique (Experiment 2) to investigate the speed anticipation advantage of football players in penalty kick scenarios and its cognitive processing characteristics. Furthermore, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI, Experiment 3) was utilized to identify the key neural correlates underlying the expert advantage in speed anticipation. The results revealed that the expert group significantly outperformed the control group in both prediction accuracy and reaction time. Region of interest (ROI) analysis indicated significantly higher activation in the expert group within the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and the right lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) compared to the control group. Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) demonstrated that the left IPL could effectively decode ball speed (76.7% accuracy). These findings suggest that football players exhibit an expert advantage in speed anticipation for penalty kick actions, with the left IPL playing a critical role in the speed anticipation. This highlights the involvement of action intention understanding in speed anticipation.

Key words: speed anticipation, action understanding, football players, left inferior parietal lobule, multivoxel pattern analysis

丁月怡, 陈奕衡, 王莹莹, 周成林, 陆颖之. 足球运动员对点球动作的速度预判优势及其大脑加工特征[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(4): 456-463.

Yueyi DING, Yiheng CHEN, Yingying WANG, Chenglin ZHOU, Yingzhi LU. The Advantage of Speed Anticipation in Penalty Kick Actions and Its Neural Processing Characteristics Among Football Players[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(4): 456-463.

图/表 5

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变量	专家组	对照组	t	p
样本量	30	30
身高(cm)	166.60±5.21	164.53±5.84	1.45	0.162
体重(kg)	57.10±6.18	54.50±9.51	1.26	0.213
BMI(kg/m²)	20.61±1.52	20.29±2.85	0.54	0.591
年龄(岁)	20.97±1.69	20.43±2.22	1.05	0.302
训练年限(年)	9.63±2.91	0	18.15	<0.001

变量	专家组	对照组	t	p
样本量	30	30
身高(cm)	166.60±5.21	164.53±5.84	1.45	0.162
体重(kg)	57.10±6.18	54.50±9.51	1.26	0.213
BMI(kg/m²)	20.61±1.52	20.29±2.85	0.54	0.591
年龄(岁)	20.97±1.69	20.43±2.22	1.05	0.302
训练年限(年)	9.63±2.91	0	18.15	<0.001