汉语老年读者的多词单元加工：来自眼动研究的证据

何立媛; 赵星; 白玉; 刘妮娜

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.02.003

心理与行为研究 >

2022 , Vol. 20 >Issue 2: 160 - 166

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.02.003

基础心理学

汉语老年读者的多词单元加工：来自眼动研究的证据

何立媛 ,
赵星 ,
白玉 ,
刘妮娜

展开

1. 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院，天津 300387;
2. 天津师范大学心理学部，天津 300387;
3. 学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室，天津 300387

收稿日期: 2021-10-14

网络出版日期: 2022-03-20

基金资助

天津市哲学社会科学规划项目（TJJX17-009）

收起

Multi-Word Unit Processing for Chinese Older Readers: Evidence from Eye Movements

HE Liyuan ,
ZHAO Xing ,
BAI Yu ,
LIU Nina

Expand

1. Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387;
2. Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387;
3. Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’ Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin 300387

Received date: 2021-10-14

Online published: 2022-03-20

Fold

摘要

选取由两个双字词组成的多词组合（单词组合、模糊词组合、双词组合），比较老年人和青年人对多词单元的加工情况。结果发现，相比于其他两类组合，所有被试在单词组合上的注视时间更短，第一遍注视次数更少，成分词上的注视时间更短，跳读率更高，表现出多词单元的加工优势，而且这一加工优势不存在显著的年龄差异。结果表明，汉语老年读者同样将多词单元作为整体进行加工。

关键词： 多词单元; 老年读者; 汉语阅读; 眼动

本文引用格式

何立媛 , 赵星 , 白玉 , 刘妮娜 . 汉语老年读者的多词单元加工：来自眼动研究的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022 , 20(2) : 160 -166 . DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.02.003

Abstract

In order to explore the reasons underlying older readers’ inefficient reading, the present study selected three types of two two-character word combinations to investigate how Chinese older adults process multi-word units. Three types of word combinations included single-word combination (which was comprised of frequently co-occurred two words and was typically considered as single four-character word), ambiguous word combination (which expressed a complete idea but was considered as single word by roughly half of readers), and two-word combination (which was not able to convey a whole meaning and was also considered as two words). Younger and older participants were asked to read sentences containing critical word combinations while their eye movements were monitored. The results showed that: 1) older readers made more and longer fixations and less frequently skipped a word compared to young readers, showing typical reading difficulties; 2) both groups of participants spent shorter time on single four-character words and made fewer fixations during first-run reading than those on the ambiguous combinations as well as the two-word combinations. The same pattern also appeared in the first word and second word processing, indicating that multiple word units showed a processing advantage. However, there was no significant age difference in such processing advantage. These findings suggest that older readers process the multi-word units as a whole.

Key words： multi-word unit; older reader; Chinese reading; eye movement

参考文献

付彧, 何立媛, 吴蕊涵, 闫国利. (2015). 不同年级学生词边界划分的发展研究. 心理与行为研究, 13(1), 59–64, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2015.01.010
闫国利, 张兰兰, 孙莎莎, 白学军. (2013). 汉语“主观词”的表征及其加工. 心理学报, 45(4), 379–390
易维, 鹿士义. (2013). 语块的心理现实性. 心理科学进展, 21(12), 2110–2117
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. M., & Walker, S. C. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48.
Bod, R. (2006). Exemplar-based syntax: How to get productivity from examples. The Linguistic Review, 23(3), 291–320.
Bybee, J. L. (2006). From usage to grammar: The mind’s response to repetition. Language, 82(4), 711–733, doi: 10.1353/lan.2006.0186.
Cutter, M. G., Drieghe, D., & Liversedge, S. P. (2014). Preview benefit in English spaced compounds. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(6), 1778–1786.
He, L. Y., Song, Z. M., Chang, M., Zang, C. L., Yan, G. L., & Liversedge, S. P. (2021). Contrasting off-line segmentation decisions with on-line word segmentation during reading. British Journal of Psychology, 112(3), 662–689, doi: 10.1111/bjop.12482.
Li, S., Li, L., Wang, J. X., McGowan, V. A., & Paterson, K. B. (2018). Effects of word length on eye guidance differ for young and older Chinese readers. Psychology and Aging, 33(4), 685–692, doi: 10.1037/pag0000258.
Li, X. S., & Pollatsek, A. (2020). An integrated model of word processing and eye-movement control during Chinese reading. Psychological Review, 127(6), 1139–1162, doi: 10.1037/rev0000248.
Liu, P. P., Li, W. J., Lin, N., & Li, X. S. (2013). Do Chinese readers follow the national standard rules for word segmentation during reading. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e55440, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055440.
Liu, P. P., Liu, D. L., Han, B. X., & Paterson, K. B. (2015). Aging and the optimal viewing position effect in Chinese. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1656.
Liversedge, S. P. (2013, August). Rethinking theoretical frameworks: Studies of eye movements during non-alphabetic reading and reading development. In Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM), Lund, Sweden.
Paterson, K. B., McGowan, V. A., Warrington, K. L., Li, L., Li, S., Xie, F., … Wang, J. X. (2020). Effects of normative aging on eye movements during reading. Vision, 4(1), 7, doi: 10.3390/vision4010007.
R Core Team. (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Wechsler, D., Chen, Y. H., & Chen, X. Y. (2002). WAIS-III Chinese version technical manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wray, A., & Perkins, M. R. (2000). The functions of formulaic language: An integrated model. Language & Communication, 20(1), 1–28.
Yu, J., Li, J., & Huang, X. (2012). The Beijing version of the montreal cognitive assessment as a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment: A community-based study. BMC Psychiatry, 12(1), 156, doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-12-156.
Yu, L. L., Cutter, M. G., Yan, G. L., Bai, X. J., Fu, Y., Drieghe, D., & Liversedge, S. P. (2016). Word n+2 preview effects in three-character Chinese idioms and phrases. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31(9), 1130–1149.
Zang, C. L. (2019). New perspectives on serialism and parallelism in oculomotor control during reading: The multi-constituent unit hypothesis. Vision, 3(4), 50, doi: 10.3390/vision3040050.
Zang, C. L., Fu, Y., Bai, X. J., Yan, G. L., & Liversedge, S. P. (2021). Foveal and parafoveal processing of Chinese three-character idioms in reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 119, 104243, doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2021.104243.
Zhao, S. N., Li, L., Chang, M., Xu, Q. Q., Zhang, K., Wang, J. X., & Paterson, K. B. (2019). Older adults make greater use of word predictability in Chinese reading. Psychology and Aging, 34(6), 780–790, doi: 10.1037/pag0000382.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献