Personality and Aggression Among Students: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from the Past Twenty Years

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Using the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the HEXACO model of personality, and the Dark Triad (DT) as theoretical frameworks, this study conducted a meta-analysis of 150 domestic and international articles published over the past two decades to investigate the relation between personality traits and aggression among the student population. The results showed that, firstly, FFM-neuroticism and DT traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism) were positively correlated with aggression. Secondly, FFM-agreeableness, honesty-humility, HEXACO-agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively correlated with aggression. Thirdly, extraversion, openness, and HEXACO-emotionality were not related to aggression. Finally, age and gender did not moderate the relationship between personality traits and aggression, while culture moderated the relationship between the two personality traits (i.e., FFM-agreeableness and openness) and aggression. These findings provide implications for preventing aggression and violence in school setting.

Key words: Big Five personality traits, Dark Triad, HEXACO, aggression, meta-analysis

摘要：

本研究以大五人格模型(FFM)、HEXACO人格模型以及黑暗三联征(DT)为框架，以学生群体为研究对象，基于国内外近20年来150篇文献的元分析探究人格特质与攻击行为的关系。结果表明：就学生攻击行为而言，FFM-神经质、DT特质(马基雅维利主义、精神病态、自恋)与攻击行为呈正相关：FFM-宜人性、诚实−谦虚、HEXACO-宜人性、责任性与攻击行为呈负相关；外向性、开放性和HEXACO-情绪性与攻击行为不相关。就调节效应而言，年龄与性别均不能调节人格特质和攻击行为的关系；文化仅可以调节FFM-宜人性、开放性和攻击行为的关系。研究结果对预防校园暴力和攻击行为具有重要意义。

关键词: 大五人格, 黑暗三联征, HEXACO人格模型, 攻击行为, 元分析

Jie LIU, Weiwei CUI, Shu WANG. Personality and Aggression Among Students: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from the Past Twenty Years[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(2): 168-176.

刘洁, 崔维维, 王澍. 人格和攻击行为：对近20年学生群体的元分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(2): 168-176.

Figures/Tables 5

References 0

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人格特质	异质性检验				独立样本	被试数	效应值	95%置信区间
人格特质	Q	p	I²	Tau²	独立样本	被试数	效应值	下限	上限
FFM-宜人性	292.77**	<0.001	91.44%	0.01	23	13607	−0.38**	−0.43	−0.33
FFM-神经质	1247.71**	<0.001	97.07%	0.04	27	15941	0.31**	0.23	0.39
外向性	388.86**	<0.001	93.86%	0.03	24	14241	−0.03	−0.10	0.03
责任性	179.06**	<0.001	88.10%	0.01	25	14419	−0.25**	−0.30	−0.20
开放性	157.80**	<0.001	85.14%	0.01	25	14374	−0.03	−0.08	0.01
马基雅维利主义	253.22**	<0.001	95.30%	0.03	12	5110	0.46**	0.37	0.56
自恋	250.60**	<0.001	87.08%	0.01	31	15376	0.26**	0.22	0.30
精神病态	680.52**	<0.001	95.06%	0.02	29	19646	0.49**	0.44	0.55
诚实−谦虚	11.66*	0.003	89.49%	0.02	3	945	−0.43**	−0.60	−0.27
HEXACO-情绪性	3.81	0.149	44.83%	0.003	3	945	−0.07	−0.16	0.01
HEXACO-宜人性	8.31	0.016	75.58%	0.01	3	945	−0.42**	−0.53	−0.30

人格特质	异质性检验				独立样本	被试数	效应值	95%置信区间
人格特质	Q	p	I²	Tau²	独立样本	被试数	效应值	下限	上限
FFM-宜人性	292.77**	<0.001	91.44%	0.01	23	13607	−0.38**	−0.43	−0.33
FFM-神经质	1247.71**	<0.001	97.07%	0.04	27	15941	0.31**	0.23	0.39
外向性	388.86**	<0.001	93.86%	0.03	24	14241	−0.03	−0.10	0.03
责任性	179.06**	<0.001	88.10%	0.01	25	14419	−0.25**	−0.30	−0.20
开放性	157.80**	<0.001	85.14%	0.01	25	14374	−0.03	−0.08	0.01
马基雅维利主义	253.22**	<0.001	95.30%	0.03	12	5110	0.46**	0.37	0.56
自恋	250.60**	<0.001	87.08%	0.01	31	15376	0.26**	0.22	0.30
精神病态	680.52**	<0.001	95.06%	0.02	29	19646	0.49**	0.44	0.55
诚实−谦虚	11.66*	0.003	89.49%	0.02	3	945	−0.43**	−0.60	−0.27
HEXACO-情绪性	3.81	0.149	44.83%	0.003	3	945	−0.07	−0.16	0.01
HEXACO-宜人性	8.31	0.016	75.58%	0.01	3	945	−0.42**	−0.53	−0.30

人格特质	攻击亚型	独立样本	被试数	效应值	95%置信区间
人格特质	攻击亚型	独立样本	被试数	效应值	下限	上限
FFM-宜人性	身体攻击	13	6320	−0.25**	−0.35	−0.16
FFM-宜人性	言语攻击	13	6235	−0.17*	−0.28	−0.06
FFM-宜人性	愤怒	11	5437	−0.19**	−0.26	−0.11
FFM-宜人性	敌意	11	5437	−0.18**	−0.27	−0.09
FFM-宜人性	间接攻击	5	1497	−0.33**	−0.42	−0.23
FFM-宜人性	主动性攻击	15	11969	−0.18**	−0.29	−0.07
FFM-宜人性	关系攻击	3	595	−0.34**	−0.47	−0.22
FFM-宜人性	网络攻击	13	7919	−0.17**	−0.23	−0.11
FFM-神经质	身体攻击	15	7136	0.25**	0.21	0.30
FFM-神经质	言语攻击	14	6541	0.27**	0.20	0.34
FFM-神经质	愤怒	13	6253	0.36**	0.30	0.42
FFM-神经质	敌意	14	6741	0.34**	0.20	0.48
FFM-神经质	间接攻击	5	1497	0.10	−0.09	0.29
FFM-神经质	主动性攻击	14	11791	0.12**	0.06	0.18
FFM-神经质	关系攻击	3	595	0.07	−0.32	0.46
FFM-神经质	网络攻击	14	8950	0.12**	0.06	0.18
外向性	身体攻击	13	6320	0.03	−0.05	0.12
外向性	言语攻击	12	6102	0.13**	0.05	0.21
外向性	愤怒	11	5437	0.05	−0.06	0.15
外向性	敌意	12	5925	−0.02	−0.08	0.04
外向性	间接攻击	4	1364	−0.03	−0.10	0.03
外向性	主动性攻击	24	15698	−0.03	−0.06	0.00
外向性	反应性攻击	3	914	−0.08	−0.18	0.02
外向性	关系攻击	3	793	−0.13**	−0.19	−0.06
外向性	网络攻击	13	7916	−0.02	−0.07	0.03
责任性	身体攻击	13	6320	−0.21**	−0.26	−0.16
责任性	言语攻击	12	6102	−0.09*	−0.15	−0.02
责任性	愤怒	11	5437	−0.20**	−0.25	−0.16
责任性	敌意	11	5437	−0.15**	−0.21	−0.10
责任性	间接攻击	4	1364	−0.17**	−0.25	−0.09
责任性	主动性攻击	26	16272	−0.19**	−0.22	−0.15
责任性	反应性攻击	4	1092	−0.23**	−0.29	−0.18
责任性	关系攻击	4	1037	−0.30**	−0.45	−0.15
责任性	网络攻击	13	7916	−0.19**	−0.26	−0.13
开放性	身体攻击	13	6320	0.01	−0.02	0.06
开放性	言语攻击	13	6235	0.05	0.01	0.10
开放性	愤怒	11	5437	0.03	0.002	0.06
开放性	敌意	11	5437	0.00	−0.04	0.04
开放性	间接攻击	5	1497	−0.04	−0.11	0.02
开放性	主动性攻击	22	15064	−0.06**	−0.09	−0.03
开放性	反应性攻击	3	914	−0.11**	−0.18	−0.02
开放性	关系攻击	3	793	−0.20**	−0.34	−0.06
开放性	网络攻击	13	7916	−0.06	−0.10	−0.01
马基雅维利主义	身体攻击	7	2520	0.39**	0.32	0.46
马基雅维利主义	言语攻击	4	1728	0.30**	0.16	0.41
马基雅维利主义	愤怒	4	1728	0.29**	0.24	0.33
马基雅维利主义	敌意	4	1728	0.41**	0.35	0.48
马基雅维利主义	主动性攻击	9	4784	0.36**	0.23	0.49
马基雅维利主义	关系攻击	9	3798	0.39**	0.24	0.53
马基雅维利主义	网络攻击	17	11771	0.31**	0.26	0.37
自恋	身体攻击	10	4214	0.26**	0.12	0.40
自恋	言语攻击	9	3674	0.22**	0.14	0.30
自恋	愤怒	7	2688	0.18**	0.11	0.25
自恋	敌意	8	3176	0.17**	0.11	0.23
自恋	间接攻击	4	1236	0.35**	0.25	0.45
自恋	主动性攻击	4	4356	0.15**	0.06	0.24
自恋	外显攻击	4	1518	0.16**	0.09	0.24
自恋	关系攻击	7	2876	0.23**	0.14	0.32
自恋	网络攻击	21	14179	0.22**	0.17	0.26
精神病态	身体攻击	7	2981	0.43**	0.36	0.50
精神病态	言语攻击	6	2441	0.31**	0.20	0.42
精神病态	愤怒	6	2441	0.33**	0.27	0.39
精神病态	敌意	6	2441	0.40**	0.33	0.46
精神病态	主动性攻击	9	15739	0.47**	0.38	0.55
精神病态	反应性攻击	5	10855	0.41**	0.33	0.49
精神病态	关系攻击	5	2367	0.45**	0.41	0.50
精神病态	网络攻击	18	12788	0.32**	0.28	0.37
诚实−谦虚	主动性攻击	12	4525	−0.32**	−0.37	−0.26
HEXACO-情绪性	主动性攻击	12	4525	−0.08**	−0.13	−0.04
HEXACO-宜人性	主动性攻击	12	4525	−0.23**	−0.28	−0.18

人格特质	攻击亚型	独立样本	被试数	效应值	95%置信区间
人格特质	攻击亚型	独立样本	被试数	效应值	下限	上限
FFM-宜人性	身体攻击	13	6320	−0.25**	−0.35	−0.16
FFM-宜人性	言语攻击	13	6235	−0.17*	−0.28	−0.06
FFM-宜人性	愤怒	11	5437	−0.19**	−0.26	−0.11
FFM-宜人性	敌意	11	5437	−0.18**	−0.27	−0.09
FFM-宜人性	间接攻击	5	1497	−0.33**	−0.42	−0.23
FFM-宜人性	主动性攻击	15	11969	−0.18**	−0.29	−0.07
FFM-宜人性	关系攻击	3	595	−0.34**	−0.47	−0.22
FFM-宜人性	网络攻击	13	7919	−0.17**	−0.23	−0.11
FFM-神经质	身体攻击	15	7136	0.25**	0.21	0.30
FFM-神经质	言语攻击	14	6541	0.27**	0.20	0.34
FFM-神经质	愤怒	13	6253	0.36**	0.30	0.42
FFM-神经质	敌意	14	6741	0.34**	0.20	0.48
FFM-神经质	间接攻击	5	1497	0.10	−0.09	0.29
FFM-神经质	主动性攻击	14	11791	0.12**	0.06	0.18
FFM-神经质	关系攻击	3	595	0.07	−0.32	0.46
FFM-神经质	网络攻击	14	8950	0.12**	0.06	0.18
外向性	身体攻击	13	6320	0.03	−0.05	0.12
外向性	言语攻击	12	6102	0.13**	0.05	0.21
外向性	愤怒	11	5437	0.05	−0.06	0.15
外向性	敌意	12	5925	−0.02	−0.08	0.04
外向性	间接攻击	4	1364	−0.03	−0.10	0.03
外向性	主动性攻击	24	15698	−0.03	−0.06	0.00
外向性	反应性攻击	3	914	−0.08	−0.18	0.02
外向性	关系攻击	3	793	−0.13**	−0.19	−0.06
外向性	网络攻击	13	7916	−0.02	−0.07	0.03
责任性	身体攻击	13	6320	−0.21**	−0.26	−0.16
责任性	言语攻击	12	6102	−0.09*	−0.15	−0.02
责任性	愤怒	11	5437	−0.20**	−0.25	−0.16
责任性	敌意	11	5437	−0.15**	−0.21	−0.10
责任性	间接攻击	4	1364	−0.17**	−0.25	−0.09
责任性	主动性攻击	26	16272	−0.19**	−0.22	−0.15
责任性	反应性攻击	4	1092	−0.23**	−0.29	−0.18
责任性	关系攻击	4	1037	−0.30**	−0.45	−0.15
责任性	网络攻击	13	7916	−0.19**	−0.26	−0.13
开放性	身体攻击	13	6320	0.01	−0.02	0.06
开放性	言语攻击	13	6235	0.05	0.01	0.10
开放性	愤怒	11	5437	0.03	0.002	0.06
开放性	敌意	11	5437	0.00	−0.04	0.04
开放性	间接攻击	5	1497	−0.04	−0.11	0.02
开放性	主动性攻击	22	15064	−0.06**	−0.09	−0.03
开放性	反应性攻击	3	914	−0.11**	−0.18	−0.02
开放性	关系攻击	3	793	−0.20**	−0.34	−0.06
开放性	网络攻击	13	7916	−0.06	−0.10	−0.01
马基雅维利主义	身体攻击	7	2520	0.39**	0.32	0.46
马基雅维利主义	言语攻击	4	1728	0.30**	0.16	0.41
马基雅维利主义	愤怒	4	1728	0.29**	0.24	0.33
马基雅维利主义	敌意	4	1728	0.41**	0.35	0.48
马基雅维利主义	主动性攻击	9	4784	0.36**	0.23	0.49
马基雅维利主义	关系攻击	9	3798	0.39**	0.24	0.53
马基雅维利主义	网络攻击	17	11771	0.31**	0.26	0.37
自恋	身体攻击	10	4214	0.26**	0.12	0.40
自恋	言语攻击	9	3674	0.22**	0.14	0.30
自恋	愤怒	7	2688	0.18**	0.11	0.25
自恋	敌意	8	3176	0.17**	0.11	0.23
自恋	间接攻击	4	1236	0.35**	0.25	0.45
自恋	主动性攻击	4	4356	0.15**	0.06	0.24
自恋	外显攻击	4	1518	0.16**	0.09	0.24
自恋	关系攻击	7	2876	0.23**	0.14	0.32
自恋	网络攻击	21	14179	0.22**	0.17	0.26
精神病态	身体攻击	7	2981	0.43**	0.36	0.50
精神病态	言语攻击	6	2441	0.31**	0.20	0.42
精神病态	愤怒	6	2441	0.33**	0.27	0.39
精神病态	敌意	6	2441	0.40**	0.33	0.46
精神病态	主动性攻击	9	15739	0.47**	0.38	0.55
精神病态	反应性攻击	5	10855	0.41**	0.33	0.49
精神病态	关系攻击	5	2367	0.45**	0.41	0.50
精神病态	网络攻击	18	12788	0.32**	0.28	0.37
诚实−谦虚	主动性攻击	12	4525	−0.32**	−0.37	−0.26
HEXACO-情绪性	主动性攻击	12	4525	−0.08**	−0.13	−0.04
HEXACO-宜人性	主动性攻击	12	4525	−0.23**	−0.28	−0.18

人格特质	类别	异质性检验			独立样本	被试数	效应值	95%置信区间
人格特质	类别	Q_B	df	p	独立样本	被试数	效应值	下限	上限
FFM-宜人性	集体主义	13.11**	1	<0.001	16	11769	−0.34**	−0.38	−0.30
FFM-宜人性	个体主义				7	1838	−0.50**	−0.60	−0.40
开放性	集体主义	7.75*	1	0.005	16	11769	0.00	−0.04	0.04
开放性	个体主义				8	2117	−0.13*	−0.23	−0.02