Abstract: A between-subjects experiment of 2(victims on the scheduled route : relatives, strangers)×2(victim on the unscheduled route: relative, stranger)×4(Grades: 5, 8, 11, sophomore)with 480 students was conducted with trolley dilemma to investigate the effect of personal relationships on the ways of moral thinking of adolescence in different ages. The results show that: 1)A significant interaction effect between the two types of personal relationships of victims exists. When the victims on the scheduled route were strangers, participants made their moral decisions with rules-based thinking under the condition that the victim on the unscheduled route was their relative, but with outcome-based thinking as the victim became a stranger. Similarly, when the victim on the unscheduled route was their relative, participants made their moral decisions with outcome-based thinking under the condition that the victims on the scheduled route were their relatives, but with rules-based thinking as the victims become strangers. 2)There is a significant interaction effect between Grades and personal relationships of the victims on the scheduled route. Our study suggests that personal relationships in moral situation influence individuals′ moral thinking, and have an increasing effect on the ways of adolescences′ moral thinking, the transition period of the two types of moral thinking appears between Grade 8 and Grade 11. Our study supports the relationship regulations theory.

摘要： 为考察人际关系对不同年龄段青少年道德思维方式的影响,以机车道德两难困境为材料,采用2（计划路线受害者：亲人、陌生人）×2（非计划路线受害者：亲人、陌生人）×4（年级：小学、初中、高中、大学）被试间实验设计。结果发现,计划路线受害者和非计划路线受害者人际关系的交互作用显著,计划路线受害者为陌生人时,被试在非计划路线受害者为亲人时采用规则导向的思维方式,陌生人时则采用结果导向的思维方式;当非计划路线受害者为亲人时,被试在计划路线受害者为亲人时采用结果导向的思维方式,陌生人时采用规则导向的思维方式。年级与计划路线受害者的交互作用显著。研究支持了道德社会关系规则理论,个体的道德思维方式受到道德情境中人际关系的影响。人际关系对青少年道德思维方式的影响随着年级升高而增强,转折点在初二与高二之间。