Studies of Psychology and Behavior >
The Relationship Between Positive Empathy and Prosocial Behavior in High School Students: Self-Construal as a Mediator and Social Comparison as a Moderator
Received date: 2022-02-19
Online published: 2023-11-10
Copyright
To explore the relationship between positive empathy and prosocial behavior in high school students and its specific mechanisms, we used the questionnaire method to investigate 775 high school students, in which the mediating role of self-construal and the moderating role of social comparison were focused. The results showed that: 1) Positive empathy had a significant positive predictive effect on prosocial behavior. 2) Independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal played a partial mediating role in the relationship between positive empathy and prosocial behavior. 3) Downward social comparison moderated the effect of positive empathy on independent self-construal. The findings provide evidence to support the dynamic relationship between positive empathy, self-construal, social comparison and prosocial behavior in high school students, and provide new ideas and methods to promote prosocial behavior in high school students.
Key words： positive empathy; prosocial behavior; self-construal; social comparison
Kexin TIAN , Shanyan YIN , Yiwen WU , Wenbin HU . The Relationship Between Positive Empathy and Prosocial Behavior in High School Students: Self-Construal as a Mediator and Social Comparison as a Moderator[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023 , 21(5) : 712 -719 . DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.05.019
| 陈万芬, 刘俊升, 李丹, 陈欣银. 新时代青少年早期文化价值观的发展轨迹: 同伴接纳的作用. 心理科学, 2018, 41 (6): 1302- 1309. | |
| 丁凤琴, 陆朝晖. 共情与亲社会行为关系的元分析. 心理科学进展, 2016, 24 (8): 1159- 1174. | |
| 付丽莎, 李杨, 樊富珉. 积极反馈对沟通双方积极情感的影响: 积极共情的调节作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2020, 28 (3): 454- 459. | |
| 韩晓燕, 迟毓凯. 自发社会比较中的威胁效应及自我平衡策略. 心理学报, 2012, 44 (12): 1628- 1640. | |
| 寇彧, 唐玲玲. 心境对亲社会行为的影响. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2004, (5): 44- 49. | |
| 李明霞, 郑昊, 刘正奎. 农村青少年抑郁症状和亲社会行为的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40 (11): 1665- 1668. | |
| 李松, 陈旭, 冉光明, 张琪. 新时代青少年羞怯对同伴侵害的影响: 依存型和独立型自我建构的作用. 心理科学, 2021, 44 (4): 822- 828. | |
| 蔺姝玮, 孙炳海, 黄嘉昕, 肖威龙, 李伟健. 共情对广义互惠的影响: 自我-他人重叠的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38 (4): 475- 484. | |
| 刘艳. (2011). 自我建构研究的现状与展望. 心理科学进展, 19(3), 427–439. | |
| 马伟军, 冯睿. 中国大学生的自我建构、利己归因偏好与自我增强. 心理科学, 2012, 35 (6): 1398- 1403. | |
| 买热巴?买买提, 吴艳红. (2017). 聚合文化视角下自我构念的动态性特征. 心理科学进展, 25(7), 1229–1239. | |
| 汤丹丹, 温忠麟. 共同方法偏差检验: 问题与建议. 心理科学, 2020, 43 (1): 215- 223. | |
| 王振东. (2021). 中国人的差序性利他: 自我建构的作用及机制(博士学位论文). 南京师范大学. | |
| 温忠麟, 叶宝娟. (2014). 有调节的中介模型检验方法: 竞争还是替补? 心理学报, 46(5), 714–726. | |
| 谢晓非, 王逸璐, 顾思义, 李蔚. 利他仅仅利他吗?——进化视角的双路径模型. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25 (9): 1441- 1455. | |
| 邢淑芬, 俞国良. 社会比较: 对比效应还是同化效应?. 心理科学进展, 2006, 14 (6): 944- 949. | |
| 岳童. (2016). 积极共情的认知神经机制研究(博士学位论文). 西南大学, 重庆. | |
| 岳童, 黄希庭, 傅安国, 薛黎明. 特质积极共情: 一种高利他性的人格品质. 心理科学, 2021, 44 (3): 754- 760. | |
| 张泽昆, 黄春花, 王丽君, 陈欣. 自我构念在认知和情绪加工中的作用及其生理机制. 心理研究, 2020, 13 (6): 512- 520. | |
| 郑显亮, 赵薇. 共情、自我效能感与网络利他行为的关系. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2015, 23 (2): 358- 361. | |
| 郑治国, 刘建平. 认识你自己: 自我建构理论相关研究述评. 福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2018, (1): 160- 167. | |
| Andreychik, M. R.. I like that you feel my pain, but I love that you feel my joy: Empathy for a partner’s negative versus positive emotions independently affect relationship quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2019, 36 (3): 834- 854. | |
| Andreychik, M. R., & Lewis, E.. Will you help me to suffer less? How about to feel more joy? Positive and negative empathy are associated with different other-oriented motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 2017, 105, 139- 149. | |
| Andreychik, M. R., & Migliaccio, N.. Empathizing with others’ pain versus empathizing with others’ joy: Examining the separability of positive and negative empathy and their relation to different types of social behaviors and social emotions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2015, 37 (5): 274- 291. | |
| Batson, C. D., Batson, J. G., Todd, R. M., Brummett, B. H., Shaw, L. L., & Aldeguer, C. M. R.. Empathy and the collective good: Caring for one of the others in a social dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995, 68 (4): 619- 631. | |
| Blanton, H. (2001). Evaluating the self in the context of another: The three-selves model of social comparison assimilation and contrast. In G. B. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton symposium on the legacy and future of social cognition (pp. 75–87). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. | |
| Buunk, B. P., Oldersma, F. L., & De Dreu, C. K. W.. Enhancing satisfaction through downward comparison: The role of relational discontent and individual differences in social comparison orientation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2001, 37 (6): 452- 467. | |
| Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A.. The development of a measure of prosocial behaviors for late adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2002, 31 (1): 31- 44. | |
| Chao, M. M., Takeuchi, R., & Farh, J. L.. Enhancing cultural intelligence: The roles of implicit culture beliefs and adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 2017, 70 (1): 257- 292. | |
| Chase-Lansdale, P. L., Wakschlag, L. S., & Brooks-Gunn, J.. A psychological perspective on the development of caring in children and youth: The role of the family. Journal of Adolescence, 1995, 18 (5): 515- 556. | |
| Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., Gaertner, S. L., Schroeder, D. A., & Clark III, R. D. (1991). The arousal: Cost-reward model and the process of intervention: A review of the evidence. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Prosocial behavior (pp. 86–118). Thousand oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. | |
| Eastwick, P. W., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2), 245–264. | |
| Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton & Co. | |
| Grossmann, I., & Varnum, M. E. W.. Social class, culture, and cognition. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011, 2 (1): 81- 89. | |
| Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press | |
| Isen, A. M., Horn, N., & Rosenhan, D. L.. Effects of success and failure on children’s generosity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 27 (2): 239- 247. | |
| Kauten, R. L., & Barry, C. T.. Adolescent narcissism and its association with different indices of prosocial behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 2016, 60, 36- 45. | |
| Kemmelmeier, M., Jambor, E. E., & Letner, J.. Individualism and good works: Cultural variation in giving and volunteering across the United States. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 2006, 37 (3): 327- 344. | |
| Liu, M. Z., Liu, L. Y., Shi, M. Q., He, G., Zhang, S. R., Shi, M. Z., ... Luan, B. W.. Effect of comparative feedback on consumers’ energy-saving behavior: A college dormitory example. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2022, 69 (3): 589- 601. | |
| Lockwood, P.. Could it happen to you? Predicting the impact of downward comparisons on the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002, 82 (3): 343- 358. | |
| Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S.. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 1991, 98 (2): 224- 253. | |
| Miles, A., Andiappan, M., Upenieks, L., & Orfanidis, C.. Using prosocial behavior to safeguard mental health and foster emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A registered report protocol for a randomized trial. PLoS ONE, 2021, 16 (1): e0245865. | |
| Miller, J. G., Kahle, S., & Hastings, P. D.. Roots and benefits of costly giving: Children who are more altruistic have greater autonomic flexibility and less family wealth. Psychological Science, 2015, 26 (7): 1038- 1045. | |
| Morelli, S. A., Lieberman, M. D., & Zaki, J.. The emerging study of positive empathy. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2015, 9 (2): 57- 68. | |
| Morelli, S. A., Sacchet, M. D., & Zaki, J.. Common and distinct neural correlates of personal and vicarious reward: A quantitative meta-analysis. NeuroImage, 2015, 112, 244- 253. | |
| Morse, S., & Gergen, K. J.. Social comparison, self-consistency, and the concept of self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1970, 16 (1): 148- 156. | |
| Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y.. When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005, 89 (6): 852- 863. | |
| Mussweiler, T.. Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences. Psychological Review, 2003, 110 (3): 472- 489. | |
| Nelson, S. K., Layous, K., Cole, S. W., & Lyubomirsky, S.. Do unto others or treat yourself? The effects of prosocial and self-focused behavior on psychological flourishing. Emotion, 2016, 16 (6): 850- 861. | |
| Posel, D., & Rogan, M.. Inequality, social comparisons and income aspirations: Evidence from a highly unequal country. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2019, 20 (1): 94- 111. | |
| Schlosser, A. E., & Levy, E.. Helping others or oneself: How direction of comparison affects prosocial behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2016, 26 (4): 461- 473. | |
| Seo, J. Y., & Scammon, D. L. (2014). Does feeling holier than others predict good deeds? Self-construal, self-enhancement and helping behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 31(6–7), 441–451. | |
| Sinha, J., & Lu, F. C.. “I” value justice, but “we” value relationships: Self-construal effects on post-transgression consumer forgiveness. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2022, 32 (1): 208. | |
| Suls, J., & Wheeler, L. (2000). Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers. | |
| Telle, N. T., & Pfister, H. R.. Positive empathy and prosocial behavior: A neglected link. Emotion Review, 2016, 8 (2): 154- 163. | |
| Utz, S. (2004). Self-construal and cooperation: Is the interdependent self more cooperative than the independent self? Self and Identity, 3(3), 177–190. | |
| Wang, M. Z., Wang, J., Deng, X. L., & Chen, W.. Why are empathic children more liked by peers? The mediating roles of prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 2019, 144, 19- 23. | |
| Wills, T. A.. Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 1981, 90 (2): 245- 271. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |