1 前言
2 研究方法
2.1 被试
2.2 实验仪器和实验材料
2.3 实验设计
2.4 实验流程
2.5 数据处理
3 结果
3.1 实验操纵检验
3.2 主观情绪体验评分
表1 两种选择下积极和消极情境的愉快度分析(M±SD) |
| 强制选择 | 自主选择 | t | Cohen’s d | |
| 积极情境 | 6.80±1.20 | 6.94±1.16 | 2.65* | 0.41 |
| 消极情境 | 2.75±1.75 | 2.88±1.71 | 1.75 | 0.27 |
注:*p<0.05,以下同。 |

Studies of Psychology and Behavior >
The Effect of Voluntary Choice on Emotion Regulation in College Students: Evidence from the Autonomous Nervous System
Received date: 2024-07-08
Online published: 2025-04-29
Copyright
To investigate the impact of voluntary choice on the subjective experience and autonomic nervous system responses to positive and negative emotions, this study employed a situational selection paradigm with 41 college students recruited via randomly recruiting. Participants were exposed to positive and negative images under both voluntary and forced choice. The findings revealed that in positive situations, the subjective experience of positive emotion under voluntary choice was significantly higher compared to forced choice condition, with HF-HRV being marginally greater than under forced choice, and LF/HF was significantly lower than under forced choice. In negative situations, the subjective experience of negative emotions under voluntary choice was marginally lower than under forced choice, with HF-HRV being marginally greater than under forced choice, and LF/HF was significantly lower than under forced choice. These findings indicate that voluntary choice enhances participants’ positive emotional experience, attenuates participants’ negative emotional experience, and simultaneously decreases participants’ physiological arousal levels, which, thereby, helps maintain an optimal emotional state.
Key words: voluntary choice; emotion regulation; autonomic nervous system
Liuliu LU , Ying LIU , Jia LYU , Qin WANG , Xuejun BAI . The Effect of Voluntary Choice on Emotion Regulation in College Students: Evidence from the Autonomous Nervous System[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025 , 23(1) : 8 -16 . DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.01.002
表1 两种选择下积极和消极情境的愉快度分析(M±SD) |
| 强制选择 | 自主选择 | t | Cohen’s d | |
| 积极情境 | 6.80±1.20 | 6.94±1.16 | 2.65* | 0.41 |
| 消极情境 | 2.75±1.75 | 2.88±1.71 | 1.75 | 0.27 |
注:*p<0.05,以下同。 |
|
陈煦海, 吴茜. 自主选择偏好: 表现、机制与应用. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27 (8): 1460- 1467.
|
|
李子媛, 雷鸣, 刘强. 视觉工作记忆离线态表征的生成机制. 心理学报, 2024, 56 (4): 412- 420.
|
|
林崇德, 杨治良, 黄希庭. (2003). 心理学大辞典 (pp. 695–696). 上海: 上海教育出版社.
|
|
欧聪颖, 刘何清, 张强. 室内静坐状态下影响皮肤温度的环境因素. 湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 36 (3): 22- 27.
|
|
彭婉晴, 罗帏, 周仁来. 工作记忆刷新训练改善抑郁倾向大学生情绪调节能力的HRV证据. 心理学报, 2019, 51 (6): 648- 661.
|
|
孙莎莎, 李小兵, 李宝山, 刘承宜, 黄敏儿. 正念维持适应的机制: 来自心率变异性自相似的初步证据. 心理学报, 2018, 50 (12): 1413- 1427.
|
|
韦程耀, 赵冬梅. 面部表情的跨文化表达与识别研究述评. 心理科学进展, 2012, 20 (10): 1614- 1622.
|
|
姚冠中. 情绪区分的研究现状与测量方法. 社会科学前沿, 2022, 11 (2): 325- 331.
|
|
翟佳, 刘秋红, 姚永杰. 正加速度暴露对人体心率变异性的影响. 陆军军医大学学报, 2024, 46 (1): 33- 38.
|
|
Aoki, R., Matsumoto, M., Yomogida, Y., Izuma, K., Murayama, K., Sugiura, A., ... Matsumoto, K. Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2014, 34 (18): 6413- 6421.
|
|
Appelhans, B. M., & Luecken, L. J. Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding. Review of General Psychology, 2006, 10 (3): 229- 240.
|
|
Bomyea, J., Choi, S. H., Sweet, A., Stein, M., Paulus, M., & Taylor, C. Neural changes in reward processing following approach-avoidance training for depression. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2022, 17 (3): 336- 349.
|
|
Bomyea, J., Sweet, A., Davey, D. K., Boland, M., Paulus, M. P., Stein, M. B., & Taylor, C. T. Randomized controlled trial of computerized approach/avoidance training in social anxiety disorder: Neural and symptom outcomes. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2023, 324, 36- 45.
|
|
Bourret, M., Ratelle, C. F., Plamondon, A., & Châteauvert, G. B. Dynamics of parent-adolescent interactions during a discussion on career choice: The role of parental behaviors and emotions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2023, 141, 103837.
|
|
Cosme, D., & Berkman, E. T. Autonomy can support affect regulation during illness and in health. Journal of Health Psychology, 2020, 25 (1): 31- 37.
|
|
Cosme, D., Mobasser, A., Zeithamova, D., Berkman, E. T., & Pfeifer, J. H. Choosing to regulate: Does choice enhance craving regulation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2018, 13 (3): 300- 309.
|
|
Dan-Glauser, E. S., & Gross, J. J. The temporal dynamics of two response-focused forms of emotion regulation: Experiential, expressive, and autonomic consequences. Psychophysiology, 2011, 48 (9): 1309- 1322.
|
|
Daniel, R., & Pollmann, S. Comparing the neural basis of monetary reward and cognitive feedback during information-integration category learning. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, 30 (1): 47- 55.
|
|
de la Vega, A., Chang, L. J., Banich, M. T., Wager, T. D., & Yarkoni, T. Large-scale meta-analysis of human medial frontal cortex reveals tripartite functional organization. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2016, 36 (24): 6553- 6562.
|
|
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. Self-determination theory. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, 2012, 1 (20): 416- 436.
|
|
Dziembowska, I., Izdebski, P., Rasmus, A., Brudny, J., Grzelczak, M., & Cysewski, P. Effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on EEG alpha asymmetry and anxiety symptoms in male athletes: A pilot study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 2016, 41 (2): 141- 150.
|
|
Eldesouky, L., & Gross, J. J. Emotion regulation goals: An individual difference perspective. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2019, 13 (9): e12493.
|
|
Finley, A. J., & Schmeichel, B. J. Aftereffects of self-control on positive emotional reactivity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2019, 45 (7): 1011- 1027.
|
|
Gross, J. J. The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 1998, 2 (3): 271- 299.
|
|
Gross, J. J. Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 2002, 39 (3): 281- 291.
|
|
Gross, J. J. Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 2015, 26 (1): 1- 26.
|
|
Gullett, N., Zajkowska, Z., Walsh, A., Harper, R., & Mondelli, V. Heart rate variability (HRV) as a way to understand associations between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and affective states: A critical review of the literature. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2023, 192, 35- 42.
|
|
Hebb, D. O. Drives and the C. N. S. (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review, 1955, 62 (4): 243- 254.
|
|
Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. D. (2018). World happiness report 2018. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
|
|
Isaacowitz, D. M., Livingstone, K. M., Richard, M., & Seif El-Nasr, M. Aging and attention to self-selected emotional content: A novel application of mobile eye tracking to the study of emotion regulation in adulthood and old age. Psychology and Aging, 2018, 33 (2): 361- 372.
|
|
Izuma, K., & Murayama, K. Choice-induced preference change in the free-choice paradigm: A critical methodological review. Frontiers in Psychology, 2013, 4, 41.
|
|
Kaczmarek, L. D., Behnke, M., Enko, J., Kosakowski, M., Hughes, B. M., Piskorski, J., & Guzik, P. Effects of emotions on heart rate asymmetry. Psychophysiology, 2019, 56 (4): e13318.
|
|
Kelley, N. J., Finley, A. J., & Schmeichel, B. J. (2019). After-effects of self-control: The reward responsivity hypothesis. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 19(3), 600–618.
|
|
Kobylińska, D., Lewczuk, K., Wizła, M., Marcowski, P., Blaison, C., Kastendieck, T., & Hess, U. Effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies measured by self-report and EMG as a result of strategy used, negative emotion strength and participants’ baseline HRV. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13 (1): 6226- 6240.
|
|
Kreibig, S. D. Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology, 2010, 84 (3): 394- 421.
|
|
Kutsuzawa, G., Umemura, H., Eto, K., & Kobayashi, Y. (2021). Emoji emotional states: Classification on the valence and arousal axes. Research Square, in press.
|
|
Langer, E. J., & Rodin, J. The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1976, 34 (2): 191- 198.
|
|
Lemos, A., Wulf, G., Lewthwaite, R., & Chiviacowsky, S. Autonomy support enhances performance expectancies, positive affect, and motor learning. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017, 31, 28- 34.
|
|
Leotti, L. A., & Delgado, M. R. The inherent reward of choice. Psychological Science, 2011, 22 (10): 1310- 1318.
|
|
Leotti, L. A., & Delgado, M. R. The value of exercising control over monetary gains and losses. Psychological Science, 2014, 25 (2): 596- 604.
|
|
Leotti, L. A., Iyengar, S. S., & Ochsner, K. N. Born to choose: The origins and value of the need for control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2010, 14 (10): 457- 463.
|
|
Linkiewich, D., Martinovich, V. V., Rinaldi, C. M., Howe, N., & Gokiert, R. Parental autonomy support in relation to preschool aged children’s behavior: Examining positive guidance, negative control, and responsiveness. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2021, 26 (3): 810- 822.
|
|
Luo, X. X., Wang, L. H., Gu, J. Y., Zhang, Q. T., Ma, H. Y., & Zhou, X. L. The benefit of making voluntary choices generalizes across multiple effectors. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2024, 31 (1): 340- 352.
|
|
Luo, X. X., Wang, L. H., & Zhou, X. L. Belief in control: Voluntary choice enhances subsequent task performance under undefeated choice-outcome causation. Cognition, 2022, 225, 105108.
|
|
Murayama, K., Matsumoto, M., Izuma, K., Sugiura, A., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Matsumoto, K. How self-determined choice facilitates performance: A key role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 2015, 25 (5): 1241- 1251.
|
|
Qasim, M. S., Bari, D. S., & Martinsen, Ø. G. Influence of ambient temperature on tonic and phasic electrodermal activity components. Physiological Measurement, 2022, 43 (6): 065001.
|
|
Rádlová, S., Janovcová, M., Sedláčková, K., Polák, J., Nácar, D., Peléšková, Š., ... Landová, E. Snakes represent emotionally salient stimuli that may evoke both fear and disgust. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019, 10, 1085.
|
|
Rossini, P. M. Skin conductance level and sudomotor response. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2011, 122 (10): 1904.
|
|
Rudorf, S., Schmelz, K., Baumgartner, T., Wiest, R., Fischbacher, U., & Knoch, D. Neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in control-averse behavior. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 38 (22): 5196- 5208.
|
|
Sakaki, M., Yoo, H. J., Nga, L., Lee, T. H., Thayer, J. F., & Mather, M. Heart rate variability is associated with amygdala functional connectivity with MPFC across younger and older adults. Neuroimage, 2016, 139, 44- 52.
|
|
Sands, M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. Situation selection across adulthood: The role of arousal. Cognition and Emotion, 2017, 31 (4): 791- 798.
|
|
Sharot, T., De Martino, B., & Dolan, R. J. How choice reveals and shapes expected hedonic outcome. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009, 29 (12): 3760- 3765.
|
|
Sharot, T., Shiner, T., & Dolan, R. J. Experience and choice shape expected aversive outcomes. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, 30 (27): 9209- 9215.
|
|
Shuman, V., Sander, D., & Scherer, K. R. Levels of valence. Frontiers in Psychology, 2013, 4, 261.
|
|
Stolz, D. S., Müller-Pinzler, L., Krach, S., & Paulus, F. M. Internal control beliefs shape positive affect and associated neural dynamics during outcome valuation. Nature Communications, 2020, 11 (1): 1230- 1243.
|
|
Sullivan-Toole, H., Richey, J. A., & Tricomi, E. Control and effort costs influence the motivational consequences of choice. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, 8, 675.
|
|
Sveinsdóttir, S. Þ., & Jóhannsdóttir, K. R. Is positive affect as a trait related to higher heart rate variability in a stressful situation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, 20 (20): 6919- 6936.
|
|
Thuillard, S., & Dan-Glauser, E. S. The regulatory effect of choice in Situation Selection reduces experiential, exocrine and respiratory arousal for negative emotional stimulations. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7 (1): 12626- 12640.
|
|
Thuillard, S., & Dan-Glauser, E. S. The simultaneous use of emotional suppression and situation selection to regulate emotions incrementally favors physiological responses. BMC Psychology, 2020, 8 (1): 133- 152.
|
|
Thuillard, S., & Dan-Glauser, E. S. Efficiency of illusory choice used as a variant of situation selection for regulating emotions: Reduction of positive experience but preservation of physiological downregulation. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 2021, 46 (1): 115- 132.
|
|
Tsai, J. L., Knutson, B., & Fung, H. H. Cultural variation in affect valuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2006, 90 (2): 288- 307.
|
|
Vujovic, L., Opitz, P. C., Birk, J. L., & Urry, H. L. Cut! That’s a wrap: Regulating negative emotion by ending emotion-eliciting situations. Frontiers in Psychology, 2014, 5, 165.
|
|
Webb, T. L., Lindquist, K. A., Jones, K., Avishai, A., & Sheeran, P. Situation selection is a particularly effective emotion regulation strategy for people who need help regulating their emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 2018, 32 (2): 231- 248.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |