不同情境下儿童分配行为的年龄差异：资源价值与资源数量的作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过两个实验考察了不同情境下儿童分配行为的年龄差异以及资源价值和数量在其中的作用。结果发现，在第一方分配情境下，与年幼儿童(8岁)相比，年长儿童(10岁)倾向于做出不平等分配。在第三方分配情境下，与年幼儿童(8、10岁)相比，年长儿童(12岁)倾向于做出平等分配，并且这种行为随着资源价值的增加或数量的减少而增加。由此得出结论：在平等与效率冲突的分配情境下，随着年龄增长，第一方分配情境下利他的不平等分配增加，儿童分配的效率提高；第三方分配情境下平等分配增加，儿童分配的公平性提高。同时，资源价值和资源数量影响儿童的资源分配，资源价值较高或数量较少会导致不平等分配增加，即儿童的分配更高效；而资源价值较低和数量较多会导致平等分配增加，即儿童的分配更公平。

关键词: 资源价值, 资源数量, 公平, 效率

Abstract:

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the age difference of children’s allocation behavior and the role of resource value and quantity in different situations. It was found that in the first-party allocation situation, older children tended to make unequal allocations compared to younger children. In the third-party allocation situation, older children tended to make equal allocations compared to younger children, and this behavior increased with increasing value or decreasing quantity of resources. Based on the results, the following conclusions are drawn that in allocation situation where equality and efficiency conflict, as age increases, altruistic unequal allocation increases in the first-party allocation situation and the efficiency of children’s allocation increases; equal allocation increases in the third-party allocation situation and the fairness of children’s allocation increases. Meanwhile, resource value and resource quantity affect children’s resource allocation, with higher resource value or lower quantity leading to increased unequal allocation, while lower resource value and higher quantity lead to increased equal allocation.

Key words: resource value, resource quantity, equity, efficiency

中图分类号:

B844

隋雪, 高璇, 李雨桐. 不同情境下儿童分配行为的年龄差异：资源价值与资源数量的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 328-335.

Xue SUI, Xuan GAO, Yutong LI. Age Differences in Children’s Allocation Behavior in Different Contexts: The Role of Resource Value and Resource Quantity[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(3): 328-335.

图/表 5

图1 实验1单次实验流程示意图

图2 不同年龄组的儿童在第一方分配情境中不同资源价值条件下分配行为的选择率

图3 不同年龄组的儿童在第一方分配情境中不同资源数量条件下分配行为的选择率

图4 不同年龄组的儿童在第三方分配情境中不同资源价值条件下分配行为的选择率

图5 不同年龄组的儿童在第三方分配情境中不同资源数量条件下分配行为的选择率

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