大学生创业教育、坚毅人格和创业意向：有中介的调节模型

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨坚毅人格对创业教育和创业意向关系的调节作用，以及这种调节作用的心理机制，本研究对1002名大学生进行了问卷调查。研究发现：坚毅的兴趣一致性维度调节创业教育和创业意向的关系，创业教育对创业意向的积极作用只存在于高兴趣一致性学生中，创业自我效能在这一调节作用中起中介作用；坚毅的努力坚持性维度没有显著调节作用，但其本身可以显著预测创业意向和创业自我效能。研究结果指出，在创业教育中应注重因材施教，同时培养学生的坚毅人格，以提升创业教育效果。

关键词: 创业教育, 创业意向, 坚毅人格, 创业自我效能

Abstract:

To investigate the moderating roles of grit in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, and to explore the psychological mechanism underlying the above moderating effects, 1002 college students completed the questionnaire survey. The results showed that: First, the consistency of interest dimension of grit (GRIT-CI) moderated the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, the positive predictive effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention only existed among college students with higher GRIT-CI. Second, the moderating effect was further explained by enhanced entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Finally, the moderating effect of the perseverance of effort dimension of grit (GRIT-PE) was nonsignificant, while it positively predicted entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy by itself. The above findings point out that entrepreneurship education may generate differential effects depending on the grit levels of students, and thus entrepreneurship education programs are suggested to be tailor-made and cultivate grit to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education.

Key words: entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intention, grit, entrepreneurial self-efficacy

中图分类号:

B849

李彦斌, 张玥, 蒋奖, 蒋文, 张峰. 大学生创业教育、坚毅人格和创业意向：有中介的调节模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 425-432.

Yanbin LI, Yue ZHANG, Jiang JIANG, Wen JIANG, Feng ZHANG. Entrepreneurship Education, Grit, and Entrepreneurial Intention: A Mediated Moderation Model[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(3): 425-432.

图/表 6

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模型	χ²	df	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
六因子模型：EI; ESE; EE; GRIT-I; GRIT-E; MBF	1383.19	219	6.32	0.93	0.91	0.07
五因子模型：EI; ESE; EE; GRIT-I; GRIT-E	800.74	239	3.35	0.97	0.96	0.05
四因子模型：EI; ESE; EE; GRIT-I+GRIT-E	2114.38	243	8.70	0.89	0.87	0.09
三因子模型：EI; ESE; EE+GRIT-I+GRIT-E	2801.26	246	11.39	0.84	0.83	0.10
二因子模型：EI+ESE; EE+GRIT-I+GRIT-E	2992.65	248	12.07	0.83	0.81	0.10
单因子模型：EI+ESE+EE+GRIT-I+GRIT-E	3898.94	249	15.66	0.78	0.75	0.12

模型	χ²	df	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
六因子模型：EI; ESE; EE; GRIT-I; GRIT-E; MBF	1383.19	219	6.32	0.93	0.91	0.07
五因子模型：EI; ESE; EE; GRIT-I; GRIT-E	800.74	239	3.35	0.97	0.96	0.05
四因子模型：EI; ESE; EE; GRIT-I+GRIT-E	2114.38	243	8.70	0.89	0.87	0.09
三因子模型：EI; ESE; EE+GRIT-I+GRIT-E	2801.26	246	11.39	0.84	0.83	0.10
二因子模型：EI+ESE; EE+GRIT-I+GRIT-E	2992.65	248	12.07	0.83	0.81	0.10
单因子模型：EI+ESE+EE+GRIT-I+GRIT-E	3898.94	249	15.66	0.78	0.75	0.12

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4
1.创业意向	3.72±1.68
2.创业自我效能	3.21±1.53	0.87***
3.创业教育	0.85±0.23	0.05	0.07*
4.坚毅−兴趣一致性	4.07±1.17	0.09**	0.11**	0.03
5.坚毅−努力坚持性	5.11±1.05	0.45***	0.45***	0.07*	0.25***

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4
1.创业意向	3.72±1.68
2.创业自我效能	3.21±1.53	0.87***
3.创业教育	0.85±0.23	0.05	0.07*
4.坚毅−兴趣一致性	4.07±1.17	0.09**	0.11**	0.03
5.坚毅−努力坚持性	5.11±1.05	0.45***	0.45***	0.07*	0.25***

	方程1(因变量：创业意向)				方程2(因变量：创业自我效能)				方程3(因变量：创业意向)
	β	SE	LLCI	ULCI	β	SE	LLCI	ULCI	β	SE	LLCI	ULCI
控制变量
性别^a	0.28***	0.05	0.18	0.38	0.32***	0.05	0.22	0.42	0.03	0.03	−0.03	0.10
年龄	−0.04***	0.01	−0.06	−0.03	−0.03**	0.01	−0.04	−0.01	−0.02***	0.01	−0.03	−0.01
专业^b	−0.23***	0.05	−0.33	−0.14	−0.23***	0.05	−0.33	−0.13	−0.06	0.03	−0.12	0.00
社会经济地位	0.05	0.03	−0.01	0.10	0.11**	0.03	0.05	0.16	−0.03	0.02	−0.07	0.00
自己创业经历^c	0.91***	0.07	0.77	1.05	0.75***	0.07	0.61	0.90	0.33***	0.05	0.24	0.43
父母创业经历^c	0.29***	0.05	0.19	0.39	0.29***	0.05	0.18	0.39	0.07*	0.03	0.01	0.13
风险承担倾向	0.08**	0.02	0.03	0.13	0.08**	0.02	0.03	0.12	0.02	0.02	−0.01	0.05
主效应
创业教育	0.01	0.02	−0.04	0.06	0.04	0.02	−0.01	0.09	−0.02	0.02	−0.05	0.01
兴趣一致性	−0.05	0.02	−0.09	0.00	−0.04	0.03	−0.09	0.01	−0.02	0.02	−0.05	0.01
努力坚持性	0.30***	0.03	0.25	0.35	0.29***	0.03	0.23	0.34	0.08***	0.02	0.04	0.11
调节效应
教育×兴趣	0.06**	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.07**	0.02	0.02	0.12	0.01	0.02	−0.02	0.04
教育×努力	0.01	0.02	−0.04	0.06	0.02	0.02	−0.03	0.07	−0.01	0.02	−0.04	0.02
中介效应
创业自我效能									0.77***	0.02	0.73	0.81

F	68.35***				62.34***				286.20***
R²	0.45				0.43				0.79