词频和语境多样性在中文词汇识别中的相对重要性：基于ERP的实验证据

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用改编后的Go/No-Go词汇判断实验范式，从加工时间进程视角揭示词频、语境多样性在中文词汇识别中的相对重要性。结果发现，如果将词频、语境多样性分别纳入模型，词频效应和语境多样性效应均发生在300～800 ms，表明二者均作用于词汇识别的晚期阶段；如果同时将词频和语境多样性纳入模型，词频效应减小，仅发生在300～400 ms，语境多样性效应则发生在300～700 ms。结果表明，语境多样性在中文词汇识别中的作用时程更长。本研究发现支持词汇识别遵循的是“可能需要”原则，而不是“简单重复”原则。

关键词: 词频, 语境多样性, 词汇识别, ERP

Abstract:

In the present study, we examined the relative contributions of word frequency and contextual diversity in Chinese lexical recognition by using the ERP technique. Word frequency effect and contextual diversity effect were examined in separated models, and both were observed between 300~800 ms, which suggests the two effects occur at later stages of lexical identification. However, when incorporated word frequency, contextual diversity, and the interaction into the model, word frequency effect decreased and occurred in 300~400 ms, whereas contextual diversity effect maintained from 300 ms to 700 ms. It suggests that contextual diversity plays a more significant role than word frequency in Chinese word recognition, which provides support for the “principle of likely need” rather than the “principle of repetition” in visual word recognition.

Key words: word frequency, contextual diversity, word identification, ERP

宋坤莹, 冯琳琳, 王峥, 白学军, 梁菲菲. 词频和语境多样性在中文词汇识别中的相对重要性：基于ERP的实验证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(4): 433-441.

Kunying SONG, Linlin FENG, Zheng WANG, Xuejun BAI, Feifei LIANG. The Relative Contributions of Word Frequency and Contextual Diversity in Chinese Word Identification: Evidence from an ERP Study[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(4): 433-441.

图/表 5

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	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差
首字频(次/百万)	0.00	39629.27	419.60	2346.46
log首字频	0.00	6.12	3.06	0.99
首字笔画数	1.00	23.00	8.33	3.33
尾字频(次/百万)	0.00	20543.44	334.67	1318.35
log尾字频	0.00	5.84	3.09	0.97
尾字笔画数	1.00	21.00	8.24	3.22
词频(次/百万)	0.03	7050.42	51.71	297.71
log词频	0.00	5.37	2.43	1.00
整词语境多样性(次/百万)	1.00	6224.00	592.23	863.71
整词log语境多样性	0.00	3.79	2.24	0.92
整词笔画数	4.00	33.00	16.57	4.58

	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差
首字频(次/百万)	0.00	39629.27	419.60	2346.46
log首字频	0.00	6.12	3.06	0.99
首字笔画数	1.00	23.00	8.33	3.33
尾字频(次/百万)	0.00	20543.44	334.67	1318.35
log尾字频	0.00	5.84	3.09	0.97
尾字笔画数	1.00	21.00	8.24	3.22
词频(次/百万)	0.03	7050.42	51.71	297.71
log词频	0.00	5.37	2.43	1.00
整词语境多样性(次/百万)	1.00	6224.00	592.23	863.71
整词log语境多样性	0.00	3.79	2.24	0.92
整词笔画数	4.00	33.00	16.57	4.58

		TW1 0～100	TW2 100～200	TW3 200～300	TW4 300～400	TW5 400～500	TW6 500～600	TW7 600～700	TW8 700～800	TW9 800～900	TW10 900～1000
模型一 (将词频纳入模型)	Intercept	−0.16	0.95	2.97	1.70	3.08	5.40	6.71	6.69	6.11	5.33
模型一 (将词频纳入模型)	logWF	−0.06	0.04	0.10	0.60***	1.41***	1.59***	0.86***	0.29*	0.001	−0.18
模型二 (将语境多样性纳入模型)	Intercept	−0.15	0.95	2.93	1.62	2.97	5.30	6.61	6.61	6.05	5.26
	logCD	−0.07	0.05	0.12	0.69***	1.58***	1.77***	0.98***	0.35*	0.03	−0.16
	ΔAIC1	7.18	−0.28	−0.99	−6.72	−12.31	−10.37	−5.05	−1.30	−0.21	0.35
	ΔBIC1	7.18	−0.28	−1.00	−6.72	−12.32	−10.37	−5.05	−1.31	−0.21	0.34
模型三 (同时将词频、语境多样性及其交互作用纳入模型)	Intercept	−0.14	0.91	2.67	2.01	3.31	4.43	4.86	5.25	5.02	4.39
	LogWF	0.04	−0.04	−0.12	−1.61**	−1.45	0.45	1.39	0.98	0.53	0.16
	LogCD	−0.13	0.15	0.68	1.87***	2.66***	2.65***	2.22**	1.42	1.08	1.05
	LogWF×LogCD	0.01	−0.01	−0.11	0.14	0.12	−0.35**	−0.70***	−0.54***	−0.41**	−0.35**
	ΔAIC2	17.24	8.46	1.94	−7.34	−10.35	−15.04	−32.40	−14.87	−6.32	−3.54
	ΔBIC2	37.85	29.07	22.55	13.27	10.26	5.56	−11.80	5.73	14.29	17.07

		TW1 0～100	TW2 100～200	TW3 200～300	TW4 300～400	TW5 400～500	TW6 500～600	TW7 600～700	TW8 700～800	TW9 800～900	TW10 900～1000
模型一 (将词频纳入模型)	Intercept	−0.16	0.95	2.97	1.70	3.08	5.40	6.71	6.69	6.11	5.33
模型一 (将词频纳入模型)	logWF	−0.06	0.04	0.10	0.60***	1.41***	1.59***	0.86***	0.29*	0.001	−0.18
模型二 (将语境多样性纳入模型)	Intercept	−0.15	0.95	2.93	1.62	2.97	5.30	6.61	6.61	6.05	5.26
	logCD	−0.07	0.05	0.12	0.69***	1.58***	1.77***	0.98***	0.35*	0.03	−0.16
	ΔAIC1	7.18	−0.28	−0.99	−6.72	−12.31	−10.37	−5.05	−1.30	−0.21	0.35
	ΔBIC1	7.18	−0.28	−1.00	−6.72	−12.32	−10.37	−5.05	−1.31	−0.21	0.34
模型三 (同时将词频、语境多样性及其交互作用纳入模型)	Intercept	−0.14	0.91	2.67	2.01	3.31	4.43	4.86	5.25	5.02	4.39
	LogWF	0.04	−0.04	−0.12	−1.61**	−1.45	0.45	1.39	0.98	0.53	0.16
	LogCD	−0.13	0.15	0.68	1.87***	2.66***	2.65***	2.22**	1.42	1.08	1.05
	LogWF×LogCD	0.01	−0.01	−0.11	0.14	0.12	−0.35**	−0.70***	−0.54***	−0.41**	−0.35**
	ΔAIC2	17.24	8.46	1.94	−7.34	−10.35	−15.04	−32.40	−14.87	−6.32	−3.54
	ΔBIC2	37.85	29.07	22.55	13.27	10.26	5.56	−11.80	5.73	14.29	17.07

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