不同阅读方式对汉语句子阅读中词频效应的影响

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

朗读和默读是两种基本的阅读方式。目前对于阅读方式是否影响以及如何影响词频效应尚存在争议。本研究使用眼动仪，采用2(阅读方式：朗读、默读)×2(词频：高频、低频)的被试内实验设计检验成人读者在不同阅读方式下的词频效应，以期为两种阅读方式的差异提供词汇加工层面的证据。结果发现，在首次注视时间、凝视时间、回视路径时间和总注视时间上词频与阅读方式的交互作用均显著，具体表现为，在首次注视时间上，默读条件下有词频效应，而朗读条件下没有，这说明默读时词频效应的发生略早于朗读条件；在其他注视时间指标上朗读条件下的词频效应更大。结果表明，同朗读相比，成人读者在默读时的词汇加工更高效。

关键词: 朗读, 默读, 词频效应, 眼动

Abstract:

Oral and silent reading are two basic reading modes. It is still controversial whether and how reading mode affects the word frequency effect. To further clarify this issue, the present study examined the word frequency effects of adults in different reading modes by using EyeLink 1000Plus. A 2 (reading mode: oral, silent) × 2 (word frequency: high, low) within-subjects experimental design was adopted to provide evidence for the lexical processing difference between the two reading modes. It was found that word frequency significantly interacted with reading mode in first fixation duration, gaze duration, regression path duration, and total fixation duration. Specifically, there was a word frequency effect in silent reading condition but not in oral reading condition in first fixation duration, suggesting that the word frequency effect occurred slightly earlier in silent reading than in oral reading, and the word frequency effect was greater in oral reading in other temporal eye movement measures. The results suggest that adult readers process words more efficiently when reading silently compared to reading aloud.

Key words: oral reading, silent reading, word frequency effect, eye movements

王影超, 李赛男, 宋子明, 闫国利. 不同阅读方式对汉语句子阅读中词频效应的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(2): 183-188, 226.

Yingchao WANG, Sainan LI, Ziming SONG, Guoli YAN. The Influence of Reading Mode on Word Frequency Effect in Chinese Sentence Reading[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(2): 183-188, 226.

图/表 4

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	词频		t
	高频	低频	t
首字笔画数	7.63(2.75)	7.72(2.80)	−0.22
尾字笔画数	7.09(3.06)	6.90(2.57)	0.45
词频(次/百万)	278.64(287.60)	9.64(27.72)	8.73***
预测性	0.04(0.09)	0.03(0.08)	0.91
通顺性	3.75(0.29)	3.70(0.26)	1.10

	词频		t
	高频	低频	t
首字笔画数	7.63(2.75)	7.72(2.80)	−0.22
尾字笔画数	7.09(3.06)	6.90(2.57)	0.45
词频(次/百万)	278.64(287.60)	9.64(27.72)	8.73***
预测性	0.04(0.09)	0.03(0.08)	0.91
通顺性	3.75(0.29)	3.70(0.26)	1.10

阅读方式	阅读速度(字/分)	平均注视时间(ms)	向右眼跳距离(字)	注视次数(次)	回视次数(次)
朗读	223.71(52.83)	299(50)	1.76(0.37)	18.51(4.17)	3.24(1.92)
默读	438.52(181.83)	240(46)	2.81(0.97)	12.94(5.33)	2.78(2.21)

阅读方式	阅读速度(字/分)	平均注视时间(ms)	向右眼跳距离(字)	注视次数(次)	回视次数(次)
朗读	223.71(52.83)	299(50)	1.76(0.37)	18.51(4.17)	3.24(1.92)
默读	438.52(181.83)	240(46)	2.81(0.97)	12.94(5.33)	2.78(2.21)

阅读方式	词频	跳读率	首次注视时间(ms)	单一注视时间(ms)	凝视时间 (ms)	回视路径时间(ms)	总注视时间(ms)
朗读	高频	0.07(0.25)	301(105)	309(104)	384(170)	407(193)	496(261)
朗读	低频	0.04(0.19)	302(106)	317(111)	444(203)	494(231)	575(282)
默读	高频	0.25(0.43)	247(86)	245(86)	279(128)	321(196)	426(267)
默读	低频	0.25(0.43)	259(88)	256(87)	300(143)	339(199)	465(306)