“消极回避”还是“积极参与”？数字时代下的养育压力与幼儿自我调节

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究养育压力与幼儿自我调节之间的关系，以及父母媒介干预和幼儿屏幕暴露的中介作用，本研究以431名2～7岁幼儿及其家长为研究对象进行了问卷调查，结果发现：(1)养育压力与幼儿自我调节、父母媒介干预显著负相关，父母媒介干预与幼儿自我调节显著正相关；(2)教育类屏幕内容与幼儿自我调节正相关；(3)指导性媒介干预与教育类屏幕内容在养育压力与幼儿自我调节关系间的链式中介效应显著。研究结果基于父母媒介干预视角，揭示了养育压力与幼儿自我调节之间的内在关系，为数字时代的学前家庭教育指导提供了实证依据。

关键词: 养育压力, 自我调节, 父母媒介干预, 家庭教育

Abstract:

The study aimed to examine the relationship between parenting stress and young children’s self-regulation, as well as the chain mediating effect of parental mediation and children’s screen exposure. Four hundred and thirty-one children aged 2~7 years and their parents were surveyed by using questionnaires. Results showed that: 1) parenting stress was negatively correlated with both children’s self-regulation and parental mediation, while parental mediation was positively correlated with children’s self-regulatory ability; 2) educational screen content was positively related to children’s self-regulation; 3) instructive mediation and educational screen content played a chain mediating role in the relationship between parenting stress and children’s self-regulation. The findings reveal the complex relationship between parenting stress and young children’s self-regulation, providing practical implications for guiding preschool family education in the digital age.

Key words: parenting stress, self-regulation, parental mediation, family education

谢凌皓, 张和颐, 马燕凌, 曾晶晶. “消极回避”还是“积极参与”？数字时代下的养育压力与幼儿自我调节[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(1): 73-81.

Linghao XIE, Heyi ZHANG, Yanling MA, Jingjing ZENG. “Passive Evasion” or “Active Engagement” ? Parenting Stress and Children’s Self-Regulation in the Digital Age[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(1): 73-81.

图/表 5

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基本信息		n(占比)
幼儿年龄(岁)	2～3	7(1.62%)
	3～4	37(8.58%)
	4～5	104(24.13%)
	5～6	135(31.32%)
	6～7	148(34.34%)
幼儿性别	男	225(52.20%)
幼儿性别	女	206(47.80%)
居住地区	市区	184(42.69%)
	县城	72(16.70%)
	乡镇	67(15.55%)
	农村	108(25.06%)
学历水平		母亲	父亲
	初中及以下	91(21.11%)	87(20.19%)
	高中或中专	99(22.97%)	127(29.47%)
	本科或大专	228(52.90%)	202(46.87%)
	硕士及以上	13(3.02%)	15(3.48%)
		母亲	父亲
职业类型	国家与社会管理者	72(16.71%)	16(3.71%)
	经理	42(9.74%)	49(11.37%)
	私营企业主	33(7.66%)	63(14.62%)
	专业技术人员	58(13.46%)	64(14.85%)
	办事人员	47(10.90%)	64(14.85%)
	个体工商户	54(12.53%)	43(9.98%)
	商业、服务业从业人员	100(23.20%)	60(13.92%)
	产业工人	13(3.02%)	29(6.73%)
	农业劳动者	7(1.62%)	25(5.80%)
	无业、失业或半失业	5(1.16%)	18(4.18%)
家庭月收入(元)	0～2999	49(11.37%)
	3000～5999	129(29.93%)
	6000～9999	128(29.70%)
	10000～19999	91(21.11%)
	20000以上	34(7.89%)

基本信息		n(占比)
幼儿年龄(岁)	2～3	7(1.62%)
	3～4	37(8.58%)
	4～5	104(24.13%)
	5～6	135(31.32%)
	6～7	148(34.34%)
幼儿性别	男	225(52.20%)
幼儿性别	女	206(47.80%)
居住地区	市区	184(42.69%)
	县城	72(16.70%)
	乡镇	67(15.55%)
	农村	108(25.06%)
学历水平		母亲	父亲
	初中及以下	91(21.11%)	87(20.19%)
	高中或中专	99(22.97%)	127(29.47%)
	本科或大专	228(52.90%)	202(46.87%)
	硕士及以上	13(3.02%)	15(3.48%)
		母亲	父亲
职业类型	国家与社会管理者	72(16.71%)	16(3.71%)
	经理	42(9.74%)	49(11.37%)
	私营企业主	33(7.66%)	63(14.62%)
	专业技术人员	58(13.46%)	64(14.85%)
	办事人员	47(10.90%)	64(14.85%)
	个体工商户	54(12.53%)	43(9.98%)
	商业、服务业从业人员	100(23.20%)	60(13.92%)
	产业工人	13(3.02%)	29(6.73%)
	农业劳动者	7(1.62%)	25(5.80%)
	无业、失业或半失业	5(1.16%)	18(4.18%)
家庭月收入(元)	0～2999	49(11.37%)
	3000～5999	129(29.93%)
	6000～9999	128(29.70%)
	10000～19999	91(21.11%)
	20000以上	34(7.89%)

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1.父母养育压力	32.81	7.63
2.幼儿自我调节	50.78	8.48	−0.20***
3.父母媒介干预	40.78	7.27	−0.12*	0.17***
4.指导性媒介干预	8.72	2.32	−0.14**	0.18***	0.71***
5.限制性媒介干预	14.34	3.43	−0.20***	0.14**	0.69***	0.44***
6.媒介共用	10.97	2.74	−0.12*	0.17***	0.79***	0.41***	0.29***
7.幼儿屏幕暴露时长	59.20	57.29	0.10*	0.04	0.09	0.01	−0.04	0.13**
8.教育类屏幕内容	8.30	2.26	0.02	0.28***	0.28***	0.33***	0.07	0.25**	0.07
9.非教育类屏幕内容	5.15	1.49	0.20**	−0.10	0.06	0.003	−0.12*	0.10	0.19**	0.12*

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1.父母养育压力	32.81	7.63
2.幼儿自我调节	50.78	8.48	−0.20***
3.父母媒介干预	40.78	7.27	−0.12*	0.17***
4.指导性媒介干预	8.72	2.32	−0.14**	0.18***	0.71***
5.限制性媒介干预	14.34	3.43	−0.20***	0.14**	0.69***	0.44***
6.媒介共用	10.97	2.74	−0.12*	0.17***	0.79***	0.41***	0.29***
7.幼儿屏幕暴露时长	59.20	57.29	0.10*	0.04	0.09	0.01	−0.04	0.13**
8.教育类屏幕内容	8.30	2.26	0.02	0.28***	0.28***	0.33***	0.07	0.25**	0.07
9.非教育类屏幕内容	5.15	1.49	0.20**	−0.10	0.06	0.003	−0.12*	0.10	0.19**	0.12*

路径			BCa CI
路径	β	SE	Lower	Upper
总效应	−0.22***	0.05	−0.31	−0.12
直接效应	−0.21***	0.05	−0.31	−0.12
养育压力→指导性媒介干预→幼儿自我调节	−0.01	0.01	−0.03	0.01
养育压力→教育类屏幕内容→幼儿自我调节	0.01	0.02	−0.01	0.05
养育压力→指导性媒介干预→教育类屏幕内容→幼儿自我调节	−0.01***	0.01	−0.02	−0.001