青少年积极和消极冒险行为的潜在类别：关系质量的作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于社会适应双功能模型，本研究采用个体定向分析区分了积极和消极两类冒险行为在青少年群体中的潜在亚组，考察了青少年与父母间积极和消极的关系质量与冒险行为潜在亚组间的关系。研究采用方便取样法抽取1583名中学生，使用潜在剖面模型和多元逻辑回归开展相关分析。研究结果发现积极和消极冒险在青少年群体中存在四个亚组：积极冒险亚组(14.0%)、消极冒险亚组(9.9%)、低冒险亚组(68.5%)、共发亚组(7.6%)，积极父母关系质量帮助青少年进入积极冒险亚组的同时避免其成为消极冒险亚组的一员，消极父母关系质量增加了青少年进入消极冒险亚组的概率。研究为社会适应双功能模型提供了证据，为后续青少年积极和消极冒险行为的识别及干预工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 积极冒险行为, 消极冒险行为, 关系质量, 个体定向

Abstract:

Based on the dual function model of social adjustment, the present study adopted a person-centered approach to identify latent subgroups of adolescents in terms of positive and negative risk-taking behaviors, and examined the associations between positive and negative parent-adolescent relationship quality and these latent risk-taking subgroups. This study recruited 1583 middle school students via convenience sampling, and conducted analyses using the latent profile model and multinomial logistic regression. The results revealed four distinct latent subgroups of positive and negative risk-taking among adolescents: a positive risk-taking profile (14.0%), a negative risk-taking profile (9.9%), a low risk-taking profile (68.5%), and a co-occurrence profile (7.6%). Positive parent-adolescent relationship quality contributed to adolescents being classified into the positive risk-taking subgroup while reducing their likelihood of falling into the negative risk-taking subgroup, whereas negative parent-adolescent relationship quality increased the probability of adolescents being categorized into the negative risk-taking subgroup. The current findings provide empirical evidence for the dual function model of social adjustment and may provide significant implications for future research and the development of interventions.

Key words: positive risk-taking behavior, negative risk-taking behavior, relationship quality, person-centered approach

中图分类号:

B844

郭明宇, 范文翼, 谢思渺, 祖思萌, 田录梅. 青少年积极和消极冒险行为的潜在类别：关系质量的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(4): 483-490.

Mingyu GUO, Wenyi FAN, Simiao XIE, Simeng ZU, Lumei TIAN. Patterns of Positive Risk-Taking and Negative Risk-Taking Among Adolescents: The Role of Relationship Quality[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(4): 483-490.

图/表 5

参考文献 0

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变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.积极父母关系质量	14.25	3.38
2.积极朋友关系质量	12.95	3.50	0.48***
3.消极父母关系质量	2.16	0.85	−0.20***	0.04
4.消极朋友关系质量	1.82	0.76	0.04	0.04	0.49***
5.积极冒险行为	2.00	0.68	0.24**	0.25***	0.02	0.09***
6.亲社会冒险行为	2.34	0.83	0.24***	0.26***	−0.03	0.05*	0.48***
7.叛逆行为	6.63	2.04	−0.05*	0.01	0.10***	0.09***	0.13***	0.14***
8.反社会行为	5.02	1.74	−0.10***	−0.01	0.19***	0.11***	0.09***	0.05*	0.62***

变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.积极父母关系质量	14.25	3.38
2.积极朋友关系质量	12.95	3.50	0.48***
3.消极父母关系质量	2.16	0.85	−0.20***	0.04
4.消极朋友关系质量	1.82	0.76	0.04	0.04	0.49***
5.积极冒险行为	2.00	0.68	0.24**	0.25***	0.02	0.09***
6.亲社会冒险行为	2.34	0.83	0.24***	0.26***	−0.03	0.05*	0.48***
7.叛逆行为	6.63	2.04	−0.05*	0.01	0.10***	0.09***	0.13***	0.14***
8.反社会行为	5.02	1.74	−0.10***	−0.01	0.19***	0.11***	0.09***	0.05*	0.62***

模型	BIC	aBIC	LMR	BLRT	Entropy	组别样本量
1	14978.838	14953.424				1583
2	12878.507	12837.208	0.000	0.000	0.989	1450/133
3	12146.362	12089.180	0.007	0.000	0.951	1237/221/125
4	11836.350	11763.284	0.003	0.000	0.884	1084/222/121/156
5	11343.226	11254.276	0.000	0.000	0.905	1106/148/204/113/12

模型	BIC	aBIC	LMR	BLRT	Entropy	组别样本量
1	14978.838	14953.424				1583
2	12878.507	12837.208	0.000	0.000	0.989	1450/133
3	12146.362	12089.180	0.007	0.000	0.951	1237/221/125
4	11836.350	11763.284	0.003	0.000	0.884	1084/222/121/156
5	11343.226	11254.276	0.000	0.000	0.905	1106/148/204/113/12

变量	类别1	类别2	类别3	类别4	F	Post hoc
变量	低冒险亚组	积极冒险亚组	共发亚组	消极冒险亚组	F	Post hoc
n(%)	1084(68.5%)	222(14.0%)	121(7.6%)	156(9.9%)
积极冒险行为	−0.26±0.69	1.58±0.75	0.56±0.80	0.05±1.06	368.89***	2>3>4>1
亲社会冒险行为	−0.23±0.71	1.19±1.01	0.53±0.86	−0.01±0.98	200.07***	2>3>4>1
叛逆行为	−0.25±0.10	−0.24±0.12	1.72±0.46	0.46±0.23	5259.90***	3>4>(1, 2)
反社会行为	−0.22±0.53	−0.28±0.46	1.32±0.56	0.70±0.82	383.87***	3>4>(1, 2)