任务框架和社会距离对风险决策的影响：来自ERP的证据

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 实验运用金钱博弈任务，从行为上探讨了社会距离与任务框架对决策结果的影响，并结合ERP技术进一步探讨了社会距离对风险决策过程的影响。结果发现：正性框架下自我决策时风险选项选择率显著高于为他人决策；负性框架下自我决策时风险选择率显著低于为他人决策；社会距离所诱发的N350、P300和LNP等晚期成分波幅出现明显的分离。N350和LNP成分主要与决策过程中个体的冲突抑制有关，主要表现为为陌生人决策会诱发负走向较大的N350波幅和LNP波幅，而对于正走向的P300成分则发现为朋友决策时的波幅较大。结果表明社会距离影响决策中的再评价过程。

关键词: 框架效应, 社会距离, 事件相关电位, 风险决策

Abstract: Present study investigated the neurobiological basis of social distance by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) and a novel financial decision-making task-the money gamble game task. The frequency of gamble options for self under the positive effect was significantly higher than that for friends and that for strangers. While under the negative effect, the frequency of gamble options of self-decision making was significantly lower than that for others. There were no difference between early brain waves. While the amplitudes of N350, P300 and LNP (late negative potential) appeared separation between different social distance:decision-making for strangers evoked the greatest amplitude of N350 and LNP, followed by self-decision making, and decision-making for friends is the smallest; While it induced the greatest amplitude of P300, followed by self-decision making, and the smallest is for strangers. The results show that social distance influences the process of re-evaluation of decision-making.

Key words: framing effect, social distance, ERP, risk decision

中图分类号:

B842.1

刘耀中, 刘敏, 彭滨. 任务框架和社会距离对风险决策的影响：来自ERP的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(1): 13-21.

LIU Yaozhong, LIU Min, PENG Bin. The Impact of Frame and Social Distance on Risk Decision-Making[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(1): 13-21.

参考文献

陈海贤, 何贵兵. (2014). 心理距离对跨期选择和风险选择的影响. 心理学报, 46(5), 677-690.
段婧, 刘永芳, 何琪. (2012). 决策者角色及相关变量对风险偏好的影响. 心理学报, 44, 369-376.
段锦云, 王重鸣. (2010). 框架效应认知加工的脑半球定位研究. 心理科学, 33(1), 8-11.
段锦云, 王重鸣, 田晓明. (2013). 创业风险决策框架效应的认知理论研究. 心理学探新, 33(2), 123-128.
高雪梅, 翁蕾, 周群, 赵偲, 李芳. (2015). 暴力犯的疼痛共情更低:来自ERP的证据. 心理学报, 47(4), 478-487.
刘翠翠, 陈彬, 刘磊鑫, 原献学, 汪祚军. (2013). 当局者迷, 旁观者清? 自我-他人决策的理性差异及其机制. 心理科学进展, 21(5), 879-885.
刘永芳, 毕玉芳, 王怀勇. (2010). 情绪和任务框架对自我和预期他人决策时风险偏好的影响. 心理学报, 42(3), 317-324.
刘永芳, 王鹏, 庄锦英, 钟俊, 孙庆州, 刘毅. (2014). 自我-他人决策差异:问题、研究与思考. 心理科学进展, 22(4), 580-587.
罗寒冰, 徐富明, 李彬, 张慧, 郑秋强. (2014). 框架效应的神经机制. 心理科学, 37(4), 867-874.
牛忠辉, 蒋赛, 邱俊杰, 申之美, 张锋. (2010). 社会距离对他人行为表征的影响:评价内容效价的作用. 应用心理学, 16(4), 291-300.
徐惊蛰, 谢晓非. (2011). 解释水平视角下的自己-他人决策差异. 心理学报, 43(1), 11-20.
杨帅, 黄希庭, 陈有国, 傅于玲, 刘孟超. (2014). 人际距离调节自我-他人的神经表征:来自oFRN的证据. 心理学报, 46(5), 666-676.
赵秋荻, 刘永芳, 段婧, 徐莎. (2013). 心理距离与决策者角色对风险决策的影响. 应用心理学, 19(1), 26-33.
Albrecht, K., Volz, K. G., Sutter, M., Laibson, D. I., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2011). What is for me is not for you:Brain correlates of intertemporal choice for self and other. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 6(2), 218-225.
Avenanti, A., Paluello, I. M., Bufalari, I., & Aglioti, S. M. (2006). Stimulus-driven modulation of motor-evoked potentials during observation of others' pain. NeuroImage, 32, 316-324.
Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1990). Gist is the grist:Fuzzy-trace theory and the new intuitionism. Developmental Review, 10(1), 3-47.
Berscheid, E., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. M. (1989). The relationship closeness inventory:assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 57(5), 792-807.
Bar-Anan, Y., Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2006). The association between psychological distance and construal level:Evidence from an implicit association test. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 135(4), 609-622.
Cacioppo, J. T., Crites, S. L., Berntson, G. G., & Coles, M. G. H. (1993). If attitudes affect how stimuli are processed, should they not affect the event-related brain potential? Psychological Science, 4(2), 108-112.
De Martino, B., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain. Science, 313(5787), 684-687.
Dufey, M., Hurtado, E., Fernández, A. M., Manes, F., & Ibáñez, A. (2011). Exploring the relationship between vagal tone and event-related potentials in response to an affective picture task. Social Neuroscience, 6(1), 48-62.
Ganegoda, D. B., & Folger, R. (2015). Framing effects in justice perceptions:Prospect theory and counterfactuals. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 126, 27-36.
Kállai, I., Harsh, J., & Voss, U. (2003). Attention to external stimuli during wakefulness and sleep:Evoked 40-Hz response and N350. Psychophysiology, 40(6), 955-966.
Leslie, A. M., Friedman, O., & German, T. P. (2004). Core mechanisms in ‘theory of mind’. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(12), 528-533.
Levin, I., Schneider, S. L., & Gaeth, G. J. (1998). All frames are not created equal:A typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 76(2), 149-188.
Levin, I. P., & Gaeth, G. J. (1988). How consumers are affected by the framing of attribute information before and after consuming the product. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3), 374-378.
Liberman, N., Trope, Y., & Stephan, E. (2007). Psychological distance. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology:Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 353-383). New York, NY:Guilford Press.
Leng, Y., & Zhou, X. L. (2010). Modulation of the brain activity in outcome evaluation by interpersonal relationship:An ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 48(2), 448-455.
Ma, Q. G., Shen, Q., Xu, Q., Li, D. D., Shu, L. C., & Weber, B. (2011). Empathic responses to others' gains and losses:An electrophysiological investigation. NeuroImage, 54(3), 2472-2480.
McElroy, T., & Seta, J. J. (2003). Framing effects:An analytic-holistic perspective. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(6), 610-617.
Olofsson, J. K., Nordin, S., Sequeira, H., & Polich, J. (2008). Affective picture processing:An integrative review of ERP findings. Biological Psychology, 77(3), 247-265.
Seger, C. A., Stone, M., & Keenan, J. P. (2004). Cortical activations during judgments about the self and an other person. Neuropsychologia, 42(9), 1168-1177.
Schendan, H. E., & Kutas, M. (2003). Time course of processes and representations supporting visual object identification and memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15(1), 111-135.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458.
Wallach, M. A., & Jr, W. C. (1968). Is risk a value?. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 9(1), 101.

[1]	金花, 严世振, 单金磊, 刘婷. 面孔生命性加工的时间进程：ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 577-584.
[2]	徐慧, 李美佳, 彭华茂. 眼睛注视线索对经济领域风险决策的影响：基于框架效应范式[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 37-44.
[3]	廖雅慧, 韩梦霏. 决策任务类型与结果框架对风险决策的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 45-51.
[4]	任亚萍, 孙岩, 赵雪松. 不同任务框架下自我损耗对自我-他人风险决策的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 750-756.
[5]	贾磊, 陆家豪, 王逸, 张常洁. 权力概念隐喻映射中的冲突控制：特征与过程[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 417-423.
[6]	陈衍, 江婷, 李玮, 陈取麟, 潘运, 胡思瑶. 合作中责任比较和分配评价差异的ERPs研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(2): 152-159.
[7]	宋娟, 杜梦, 连涛, 张倩. 积极怀旧情绪对疼痛共情影响的ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(4): 466-473.
[8]	李骋诗, 白学军, 王永胜. 映射具体性和语境线索对新颖隐喻加工的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(2): 153-160.
[9]	唐丹丹, 傅瑜, 吴燕京, 朱海. 视觉空间工作记忆组间差异的神经机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(2): 176-184.
[10]	张振, 齐春辉, 付淑英, 王青春, 熊建萍. 社会距离和性别对公平关注的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 100-106.
[11]	贾宁, 魏琳, 代景华. 学习判断的框架效应：加工流畅性的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(6): 729-735.
[12]	曾庆, 郑希付. 高低厌恶敏感性个体对不同情绪刺激的注意时程: 来自ERP研究的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(6): 743-749.
[13]	王秀娟, 王梦婷, 韩尚锋, 刘燊, 张林. 风险决策框架下的求助意愿：依恋的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(6): 840-845.
[14]	贾丽萍, 卢国华, 宋玉萍, 李福洪. 负性情绪启动对特质焦虑个体行为抑制的影响机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(5): 604-612.
[15]	宋娟, 魏艳秋, 杜梦, 解鸿宇, 连涛, 胡亚奇, 马欧. 眼部情绪信息对疼痛共情影响的ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(3): 326-332,347.