反向思考和类比思考对锚定效应的影响

心理与行为研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 289-294,307.

• 基础心理学 • 下一篇

反向思考和类比思考对锚定效应的影响

刘金平¹, 刘建勋²

1. 河南大学心理与行为研究所, 开封 475004;
2. 河南大学教育科学学院, 开封 475004

收稿日期:2017-08-10 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-06-05
通讯作者: 刘金平,E-mail:kfljp@sina.com
基金资助:
河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目（14A190003）、河南省高等学校重点科研项目（16A190001）、河南省教育厅2017年度教师教育课程改革研究项目（2017-JSJYZD-008）、河南省教育科学规划重大招标课题（2018-JKGHZDZB-09）

The Influence of Reverse Thinking and Analogical Thinking on the Anchoring Effect

LIU Jinping¹, LIU Jianxun²

1. Institute of psychology and behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
2. School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

Received:2017-08-10 Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-06-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用基于锚定效应经典研究范式的自编问卷对120名在校大学生进行调查研究。研究一通过对参与者使用反向思考与类比思考的应对方案前后的数据比较，考察两种思考方法是否能够降低锚定效应的影响。以往同类研究中发现，时间压力作为一个重要影响因素会对最终结果产生重大影响。研究二基于研究一加入时间压力来考察高时间压力是否能够使应对方案失效。结果表明，反向思考和类比思考的应对方案能够降低锚定效应的影响，高时间压力下应对方案依然有效。这一结果启示我们，在决策时，要有批判精神，要三思而行，做一个理智的决策者。

关键词: 锚定效应, 批判性思维, 反向思考, 类比思考, 时间压力

Abstract: A total of 120 undergraduates were investigated by self-made questionnaires based on the classical study paradigm of anchoring effect. Experiment 1 examines whether the two methods of thinking can reduce the effect of the anchoring effect by comparing the participants’ inverse thinking and the analogical thinking of the coping scheme. In the past, the time pressure in the same kind of research as a significant influencing factor will have a significant impact on the final outcome. Experiment 2 added time pressure on the basis of experiment 1 to investigate whether the high time pressure could invalidate the coping scheme. The results show that the strategies of reverse thinking and analogical thinking can reduce the effect of anchoring effect, and the response scheme is still effective under high time pressure.This result further suggests that when making decisions, people need to think critically,and be a rational decision maker.

Key words: anchoring effect, critical thinking, reverse thinking, analogical thinking, time pressure

中图分类号:

B842

刘金平, 刘建勋. 反向思考和类比思考对锚定效应的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(3): 289-294,307.

LIU Jinping, LIU Jianxun. The Influence of Reverse Thinking and Analogical Thinking on the Anchoring Effect[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(3): 289-294,307.

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反向思考和类比思考对锚定效应的影响

The Influence of Reverse Thinking and Analogical Thinking on the Anchoring Effect

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