提取练习的发展特点：8-9岁儿童与成人的比较

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究选取8-9岁儿童和大学生作为被试，采用经典的提取练习范式（retrieval-practice paradigm），通过练习项目（Rp+）与基线项目（Nrp）的比较以及未练习项目（Rp-）与基线项目（Nrp）的比较观测提取练习在语义材料上的发展特点。结果显示：（1）8-9岁儿童与大学生在相同语义材料上都观测到了提取练习效应，且二者的提取练习效应量差异不显著；（2）8-9岁儿童和大学生在相同语义材料上都表现出了提取诱发遗忘现象，且二者的提取诱发遗忘量差异不显著。研究结果表明8-9岁儿童在提取练习上的记忆效应已达到成人水平。本研究丰富了提取练习的发展研究，为提取练习在低年级教学活动中的使用提供了依据。此外，研究结果为探讨提取练习的内部机制提供了间接性的实验证据。

关键词: 提取练习效应, 提取诱发遗忘, 情景记忆

Abstract: The present study selected children aged 8 to 9 years and college students as subject, using the classic retrival-practice paradigm, in order to observe the development characteristics of retrival practice in the semantic material through the comparison of practiced items (Rp+) with baseline items (Nrp) and comparison of unpracticed items (Rp-) with baseline items (Nrp). The results showed that:1) children aged 8 to 9 years and college students are observed from retrival practice effect in the same semantic material, and the two in retrival practice effect were not significant; 2) children aged 8 to 9 years and college students in the same semantic materials showed the retrival-induced forgetting, and the difference of retrival-induced forgetting was not significant. The findings suggest that the memory effect of 8-9 years old in the retrival practice has reached the level of adult.This study enriches the research of the development of retrival practice, and provides the basis for the use of retrival practice in the teaching activities of the lower grades.

Key words: retrival practice effect, retrival-induced forgetting, episodic memory

中图分类号:

B844

马小凤, 王斌强, 周爱保. 提取练习的发展特点：8-9岁儿童与成人的比较[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(4): 484-489,533.

MA Xiaofeng, WANG Binqiang, ZHOU Aibao. The Development Characteristics of Retrival Practice: A Comparison Between Children Aged 8 to 9 Years and Adults[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(4): 484-489,533.

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