场景的年龄特征会影响自闭症谱系障碍儿童的注视模式

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨场景年龄特征对ASD儿童场景注视模式的影响，选取14名自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童和19名与其智力年龄匹配的正常发育（TD）儿童为被试，在被试对儿童场景和成人场景图片进行自由观看的同时记录其眼动。结果发现，ASD儿童对全图、面部、眼部和嘴部的访问均显著少于TD儿童，对背景区域的访问显著大于TD儿童；ASD和TD儿童对面部和身体的访问时间比都显著大于前景与背景兴趣区；ASD儿童对儿童场景中面部、眼部和嘴部兴趣区的访问时间比大于成人场景，而TD儿童则相反；两组儿童都表现出对儿童场景中背景的偏好。结果表明，在场景注视中，ASD与TD儿童具有相似的社会性注意倾向，对社会性信息给予更多注视，但ASD儿童表现更弱；场景的年龄特征会影响ASD儿童与TD儿童的场景注视模式，相对于成人场景，ASD儿童更偏向于注视儿童场景中的面孔和背景。

关键词: 自闭症谱系障碍, 场景, 年龄, 注视

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of age characteristics on ASD children’s gaze mode in the scene, 14 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children and 19 typically developing (TD) children matched with their intellectual age were selected as subjects. The subjects freely watched the pictures of children’s scenes and adult’s scenes, and their eye movements were recorded. The results showed that the ASD children’s visit time to the whole picture, face, eyes and mouth was significantly less than that of the TD children, while their visit time to the background was significantly more than the TD children. The percentage of visit time of ASD and AD children to face and body was significantly higher than that to regions of interest in the foreground and background. ASD children had higher percentage of visit time to regions of interest in face, eyes and mouth in children’s scene than in adult’s scene, but TD children did the opposite. Both groups of children showed preference to the background in children’s scenes. The results show that both ASD and TD children have similar tendency of social attention in gazing scenes, with more attention to social information, but ASD children behave weaker. The age characteristics in the scene would affect the gaze mode of ASD children and TD children. Compared with the adult’s scene, ASD children are prone to gaze at face and background in children’s scene.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, scene, age, gaze

中图分类号:

B849

魏玲, 余宥依, 刘人豪, 程一智. 场景的年龄特征会影响自闭症谱系障碍儿童的注视模式[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(5): 679-685.

Wei Ling, Yu Youyi, Liu Renhao, Cheng Yizhi. The Age Characteristics of the Scene Affect the Gaze Pattern of Children with ASD[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(5): 679-685.

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