抑制还是补偿？尴尬情绪对初中生合作倾向和行为的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨初中生尴尬情绪与合作的关系，设计了两个研究，研究1采用问卷法探讨尴尬情绪与合作倾向的关系，研究2采用实验法分析在具体的公共物品困境中尴尬情绪的唤起与合作行为的关系。结果发现：（1）尴尬情绪可以正向预测初中生的合作倾向，且状态自尊水平在其中起部分中介作用；（2）尴尬情绪的唤起能够正向预测初中生在公共物品困境中的合作行为，状态自尊变化的差值在尴尬情绪与前期合作行为之间起部分中介作用。结果表明，初中生的尴尬情绪具有社会补偿作用，可通过调节状态自尊或自尊的变化来增加个体的合作倾向和行为。

关键词: 尴尬情绪, 状态自尊, 合作倾向, 合作行为

Abstract: To explore the relationship between junior high school students’ embarrassment and cooperation, two studies were designed. Study 1 used a questionnaire method to explore the relationship between embarrassment and general cooperative tendency. Study 2 used an experimental method to analyze the relationship between embarrassment arousal and cooperative behavior in specific public goods dilemma. Results showed that: 1) Embarrassment could positively predict junior high school students’ general cooperative tendency and the level of state self-esteem played a partial mediating role in it. 2) The arousal of embarrassment could positively predict junior high school students’ cooperative behavior in the public goods dilemma and the level of state self-esteem changes for embarrassment and early cooperative behavior played a mediating role here. The above results showed that the embarrassment has a social compensation effect for junior high school students, and it can increase an individual’s cooperative tendency and behavior by adjusting the state self-esteem or the level of self-esteem.

Key words: embarrassment, state self-esteem, cooperative tendency, cooperative behavior

中图分类号:

B849

王欣竹, 邹何辉, 郝娜, 黄瑶, 吴琴, 崔丽莹. 抑制还是补偿？尴尬情绪对初中生合作倾向和行为的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 549-555.

WANG Xinzhu, ZOU Hehui, HAO Na, HUANG Yao, WU Qin, CUI Liying. Restraint or Compensation? The Influence of Embarrassment on Cooperative Tendency and Behavior of Junior High School Students[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(4): 549-555.

参考文献

代梦, 刘凤林, 王璐瑶, 李静, 钟亦銮. (2017). 自尊水平下尴尬情绪影响亲社会行为的调查分析. 人才资源开发, (4), 225–227, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1073.2017.04.177
丁芳, 范李敏, 张露. (2016). 小学儿童尴尬情绪理解能力、情绪状态对其合作行为的影响. 苏州教育学院学报, 33(2), 84–89
范李敏. (2013). 小学儿童尴尬情绪理解能力的发展及尴尬情绪对其合作行为的影响 (硕士学位论文). 苏州大学.
兰兴妞. (2008). 抑郁症状大学生自尊稳定性的实验研究——基于内隐自尊和外显自尊的研究 (硕士学位论文). 西南大学, 重庆.
庞维国, 程学超. (2001). 9–16岁儿童的合作倾向与合作意图的发展研究. 心理发展与教育, 17(1), 31–35, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4918.2001.01.006
石伟, 黄希庭. (2004). 自我设限及其研究范型和影响因素. 心理科学进展, 12(1), 72–78
魏春丽. (2018). 尴尬对自我服务偏向的影响 (硕士学位论文). 华东师范大学, 上海.
温忠麟, 叶宝娟. (2014). 中介效应分析: 方法和模型发展. 心理科学进展, 22(5), 731–745
谢晓非, 余媛媛, 陈曦, 陈晓萍. (2006). 合作与竞争人格倾向测量. 心理学报, 38(1), 116–125
杨国枢, 陆洛. (2009). 中国人的自我. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942–950
Buck, R. W., Parke, R. D., & Buck, M. (1970). Skin conductance, heart rate, and attention to the environment in two stressful situations. Psychonomic Science, 18(2), 95–96, doi: 10.3758/BF03335714.
Castelfranchi, C., & Poggi, I. (1990). Blushing as a discourse: Was Darwin wrong? In W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and embarrassment: Perspectives from social psychology (pp. 230–252). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chatman, J. A., & Barsade, S. G. (1995). Personality, organizational culture, and cooperation: Evidence from a business simulation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(3), 423–443, doi: 10.2307/2393792.
Dijk, C., De Jong, P. J., & Peters, M. L. (2009). The remedial value of blushing in the context of transgressions and mishaps. Emotion, 9(2), 287–291, doi: 10.1037/a0015081.
Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Keltner, D. (2012). Flustered and faithful: Embarrassment as a signal of prosociality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(1), 81–97, doi: 10.1037/a0025403.
Goffman, E. (1956). Embarrassment and social organization. American Journal of Sociology, 62(3), 264–271, doi: 10.1086/222003.
Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in public: Microstudies of the public order. New York: Basic Books.
Gruenewald, T. L., Kemeny, M. E., Aziz, N., & Fahey, J. L. (2004). Acute threat to the social self: Shame, social self-esteem, and cortisol activity. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(6), 915–924, doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000143639.61693.ef.
Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1991). Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(6), 895–910, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.895.
Kagan, S., & Knight, G. P. (1984). Maternal reinforcement style and cooperation-competition among Anglo-American and Mexican-American children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 145(1), 37–47, doi: 10.1080/00221325.1984.10532249.
Keltner, D., & Anderson, C. (2000). Saving face for Darwin: The functions and uses of embarrassment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(6), 187–192, doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.00091.
Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2003). Stability and variability in self-concept and self-esteem. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 106–127). New York: Guilford Press.
Leary, M. R. (2018). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior. New York: Routledge.
Maire, H., & Agnoletti, M. F. (2020). Expressing embarrassment (or not): Which effects on produced impression on others and on attributed social value? European Review of Applied Psychology, 70(4), 100525, doi: 10.1016/j.erap.2020.100525.
Ollendick, T. H., & Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R. (2002). The developmental psychopathology of social anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 44–58, doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01305-1.
Rudolph, U., & Tscharaktschiew, N. (2014). An attributional analysis of moral emotions: Naïve scientists and everyday judges. Emotion Review, 6(4), 344–352, doi: 10.1177/1754073914534507.
Sabini, J., Siepmann, M., Stein, J., & Meyerowitz, M. (2000). Who is embarrassed by what? Cognition and Emotion, 14(2), 213–240, doi: 10.1080/026999300378941.
Simpson, B., & Willer, R. (2008). Altruism and indirect reciprocity: The interaction of person and situation in prosocial behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 37–52, doi: 10.1177/019027250807100106.
Tangney, J. P., Miller, R. S., Flicker, L., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1256–1269, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1256.
Zoccola, P. M., Green, M. C., Karoutsos, E., Katona, S. M., & Sabini, J. (2011). The embarrassed bystander: Embarrassability and the inhibition of helping. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(8), 925–929, doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.07.026.

[1]	郑文倩, 陈云云, 宋国萍, 徐敏, 白正月, 李兰洁. 亲社会视频游戏中的合作对博弈决策中合作行为的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 85-91.
[2]	王娜. 中国人人格特质结构对合作的影响机制[J]. , 2012, 10(2): 92-97.
[3]	张丽玲；白学军. 合作游戏训练对学前儿童合作行为的影响[J]. , 2010, 8(3): 218-222.