学前儿童情绪表达规则认知发展特征及其影响因素：一项追踪研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用故事访谈法对60名学前儿童在害怕、生气和高兴情境中的情绪表达规则认知发展特征及其影响因素进行间隔1年的3次追踪测查，结果发现：（1）自我目标、夸大策略水平迅速提升，掩饰策略缓慢提升，社会目标发展先快后慢，平静化策略先慢后快，情绪表达规则知识与弱化策略的发展因性别而异；（2）情绪表达目标和策略因情境而异；（3）儿童在好朋友面前多为他人考虑而表达情绪，在父母面前正好相反；（4）女童社会目标水平高于男童。结果表明，学前儿童情绪表达规则认知各因子具有不同的发展特征，情境、人际背景和性别对其发展均有显著影响。

关键词: 学前儿童, 情绪表达规则, 追踪研究

Abstract: A three-year follow-up study was made to investigate the developmental characteristics and influencing factors of cognition of emotional display rules through story interviews with 60 preschool children in fearful, angry and happy situations. Results showed that: 1) The developmental changes in children were as follows. Ego-oriented goals and overstatement strategies increased rapidly; masking strategies increased slowly; society-oriented goals developed first fast and then slow; calming strategies developed first slow and then fast; knowledge of emotional display rules and weakening strategies developed differently by gender. 2) Children’s emotional display goals and strategies were influenced by situations. 3) In the presence of good friends, children expressed their emotions for others’ consideration, which was the exact opposite in the presence of parents. 4) The development of society-oriented goals of girls was higher than that of boys. Therefore, the factors of preschool children’s cognition of emotional display rules display different characteristics in development, which are significantly influenced by different situations, interpersonal backgrounds and genders.

Key words: preschool children, emotional display rules, follow-up study

中图分类号:

B844

王军利, 文彦茹, 林艺, 侯莉敏. 学前儿童情绪表达规则认知发展特征及其影响因素：一项追踪研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 764-770.

WANG Junli, WEN Yanru, LIN Yi, HOU Limin. Cognitive Development Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Emotional Display Rules in Preschool Children: A Follow-Up Study[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(6): 764-770.

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