心理与行为研究

心理与行为研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 202-208.

• 发展与教育心理学 • 上一篇    下一篇

4-6岁儿童言语理解中世界知识运用能力的发展

赵鸣1, 黄莹莹1,2, 刘涛3,4   

  1. 1. 中国矿业大学公共管理学院, 徐州 221116;
    2. 上海大学文学院, 上海 200444;
    3. 江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院, 徐州 221009;
    4. 江苏师范大学语言能力协同创新中心, 徐州 221009
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-13 出版日期:2018-03-20 发布日期:2018-04-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘涛,E-mail:liutao@jsnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目（14ZDB155）；国家社科基金项目（16BYY075）；教育部人文社科项目（13YJC740057; 14YJC740122）；江苏省社科基金项目（13YYC016）；江苏省高校哲学社科基金项目（2014SJD415）

The Development of Practical Ability of World Knowledge in Speech Comprehension on Children Aged 4 to 6 Years Old

ZHAO Ming1, HUANG Yingying1,2, LIU Tao3,4   

  1. 1. School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116;
    2. College of Liberal Arts, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444;
    3. School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221009;
    4. Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221009
  • Received:2016-08-13 Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-04-19

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摘要： 以90名4-6岁学前儿童作为研究对象，考察了这一年龄段儿童在言语理解中对世界知识的运用能力及其发展特点。实验要求被试确定测试句中代词TA的回指名词，该回指名词需要被试依据相关的世界知识进行判断。实验发现：（1）4-6岁儿童在言语理解中对于世界知识的运用能力随年龄的增长而不断提高。（2）4岁组儿童对世界知识的运用能力水平较低，与其他两组儿童相比存在较显著的差异性；5岁组和6岁组儿童对世界知识的运用能力差异较小。（3）儿童在言语理解中对于不同类型的世界知识的运用能力存在显著性差异。与对现实生活相关的世界知识的运用能力相比，各组儿童对童话语境相关的世界知识的运用能力更为灵活。这一差异性在4-5岁组儿童表现得更为显著。

关键词: 4-6岁儿童, 世界知识, 运用能力, 发展特点

Abstract: This study investigated the developmental characteristics of practical ability of world knowledge in speech comprehension on pre-school children. A total of 90 pre-school children aged 4- to 6-years-olds were chosen as research subjects. They were asked to confirm the antecedent noun of the anaphor TA in experimental test sentences and the antecedent noun were decided by the relevant world knowledge. The results showed that:1) Increasing ability to use world knowledge in speech comprehension is related to age. 2) 4-years-old children have the relative poor ability of applying world knowledge, which leads to a significant difference compared with 5- to 6- years-olds children. There has no significant difference between 5- and 6-years-old group. 3) These children have a significant difference of operational ability for different types of world knowledge. Compared with the ability of applying real-life related world knowledge, all groups show more flexible performance in applying fairy-tale related world knowledge. 4- and 5-years-old group showed more significant differences.

Key words: children in 4- to 6- years-olds, world knowledge, operational ability, the developmental characteristics

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