风险决策框架下的求助意愿：依恋的调节作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于风险决策框架探讨情境紧急性和依恋类型对个体求助意愿的影响，通过亲密关系经历量表区分安全依恋和不安全依恋被试，考察他们在不同情境条件下的求助意愿及风险偏好。结果发现：（1）个体在紧急情境下的求助意愿显著高于一般情境下的求助意愿，安全依恋个体的求助意愿显著高于不安全依恋个体的求助意愿；（2）依恋安全调节情境紧急性对求助意愿的影响，安全依恋个体在一般和紧急情境下均表现为风险规避型求助，不安全依恋个体在一般情境下表现为风险规避型求助，在紧急情境下则表现为风险寻求型求助。这表明，情境越紧急，个体的求助意愿越高，且依恋安全调节个体求助方式的风险倾向。

关键词: 风险决策, 求助意愿, 情境紧急性, 依恋类型

Abstract: Based on the risk decision-making framework, this study explored the impact of situational urgency and attachment types on individual help-seeking. We distinguished the safe attachment individuals and unsafe attachment individuals and examined their risk avoidance and risk-seeking for help-seeking behavior under different situational conditions. The results showed that: 1) the individual's willingness to seek help in the emergency was significantly higher than the willingness in the general situation, the safe attachment individual's help-seeking willingness was significantly higher than the unsafe attachment individual’s; 2) attachment security moderated the relationship between situational urgency and help-seeking. The safe attachment individuals in both general situation and emergency was a risk-averse type of help-seeking, the unsafe attachment individuals in general situation was a risk-avoiding help-seeking, in the case of emergencies, the risk-seeking type of help-seeking. The results show that the more urgent the situation, the more individual help-seeking, and the attachment security regulates the individual's help-seeking approach.

Key words: risky decision-making, help-seeking, situational emergency, attachment types

中图分类号:

B842.1

王秀娟, 王梦婷, 韩尚锋, 刘燊, 张林. 风险决策框架下的求助意愿：依恋的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(6): 840-845.

WANG Xiujuan, WANG Mengting, HAN Shangfeng, LIU Shen, ZHANG Lin. Help-seeking Under Risky Decision-making Framework: The Effect of Attachment Style[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(6): 840-845.

参考文献

伏干. (2017). 社会认同对流动儿童学业求助的影响. 心理与行为研究, 15(3), 411-416, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2017.03.019
郝志红, 梁宝勇. (2015). 心理求助的污名与行为意向的关系:态度的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 23(6), 1133-1136
何桂华, 金志成. (2010). 选项框架和认知负载对风险决策的影响. 应用心理学, 16(4), 316-322, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6020.2010.04.004
李彩娜, 石鑫欣, 黄凤, 马婧. (2013). 安全依恋的概念、机制与功能. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (6), 30-37
李同归, 加藤和生. (2006). 成人依恋的测量:亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版. 心理学报, 38(3), 399-406
陆静怡, 王越. (2016). 心理不安全状态下决策者的风险偏好. 心理科学进展, 24(5), 676-683
宋云嫱, 徐瑞珩, 邢采. (2017). 风险敏感理论:需要驱动风险决策. 心理科学进展, 25(3), 486-499
孙丽静, 徐梦思, 袁树歌, Ding, C., 杨东. (2017). 社会排斥和决策框架对风险偏好影响. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 39(4), 144-150
王大伟, 乔秀青, 苏香, 徐平, 刘红丽, 胡艺馨. (2017). 具体情绪与人格特质对决策信息加工过程的影响. 心理与行为研究, 15(3), 295-301, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2017.03.002
王欣, 徐四华, 陈雨凡, 潘煜, 吕廷杰, 隋雨佳. (2017). 基于情感体验和人格特质的风险决策对比研究. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 19(2), 85-91
王秀娟, 王娜, 韩尚锋, 刘燊, 张林. (2018). 面孔可信度对助人行为的影响:依恋安全的调节作用. 心理学报, 50(11), 1292-1302
王艳辉, 李董平, 孙文强, 赵力燕, 赖雪芬, 周月月. (2017). 亲子依恋与初中生亲社会行为:有调节的中介效应. 心理学报, 49(5), 663-679
杨青青, 胡娜, 陈旭, 牛娟, 翟晶. (2018). 恋人亲密情景下的回避型与安全型依恋个体情绪调节电生理差异. 心理学报, 50(3), 306-316
郑晓莹, 彭泗清. (2014). 补偿性消费行为:概念、类型与心理机制. 心理科学进展, 22(9), 1513-1520
祝婧媛, 何贵兵. (2016). 风险来源与决策:背信规避现象及人际联结需求的作用. 心理学报, 48(6), 733-745
Baker, A. M., Donthu, N., & Kumar, V. (2016). Investigating how word-of-mouth conversations about brands influence purchase and retransmission intentions. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(2), 225-239, doi:10.1509/jmr.14.0099.
Blair, R. J. R. (2013). The neurobiology of psychopathic traits in youths. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(11), 786-799, doi:10.1038/nrn3577.
Chavis, J. M., & Kisley, M. A. (2012). Adult attachment and motivated attention to social images:Attachment-based differences in event-related brain potentials to emotional images. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 55-62, doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.12.004.
Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychosocial safety climate as a precursor to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 579-599, doi:10.1348/096317909X470690.
Hofmann, D. A., Lei, Z. K., & Grant, A. M. (2009). Seeking help in the shadow of doubt:The sensemaking processes underlying how nurses decide whom to ask for advice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1261-1274, doi:10.1037/a0016557.
Islam, G., Claro, D. P., & Andrade, E. B. (2014). Sequential betting behavior:A test of asymmetric inconsistencies in group decision making. Psychology and Marketing, 31(2), 126-133, doi:10.1002/mar.2014.31.issue-2.
Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice:Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58(9), 697-720, doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697.
Kim, S., Zhang, K., & Park, D. (2018). Don't want to look dumb? The role of theories of intelligence and humanlike features in online help seeking. Psychological Science, 29(2), 171-180, doi:10.1177/0956797617730595.
Komissarouk, S., Harpaz, G., & Nadler, A. (2017). Dispositional differences in seeking autonomy-or dependency-oriented help:Conceptual development and scale validation. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 103-112, doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.019.
Liang, J., Farh, C. I. C., & Farh, J. L. (2012). Psychological antecedents of promotive and prohibitive voice:A two-wave examination. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 71-92, doi:10.5465/amj.2010.0176.
Matthews, G., & Campbell, S. E. (2010). Dynamic relationships between stress states and working memory. Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 357-373, doi:10.1080/02699930903378719.
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005). Attachment, caregiving, and altruism:Boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 817-839, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.817.
Mishra, S. (2014). Decision-making under risk:Integrating perspectives from biology, economics, and psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(3), 280-307, doi:10.1177/1088868314530517.
Nordbye, G. H. H., & Teigen, K. H. (2014). Being responsible versus acting responsibly:Effects of agency and risk taking on responsibility judgments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 102-114, doi:10.1111/sjop.2014.55.issue-2.
Oldfield, J., Humphrey, N., & Hebron, J. (2016). The role of parental and peer attachment relationships and school connectedness in predicting adolescent mental health outcomes. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 21(1), 21-29, doi:10.1111/camh.2016.21.issue-1.
Ordóñez, L., & Benson III, L. (1997). Decisions under time pressure:How time constraint affects risky decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 71(2), 121-140, doi:10.1006/obhd.1997.2717.
Pearsall, M. J., & Ellis, A. P. J. (2011). Thick as thieves:The effects of ethical orientation and psychological safety on unethical team behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(2), 401-411, doi:10.1037/a0021503.
Treister-Goltzman, Y., & Peleg, R. (2018). Urinary incontinence among Muslim women in Israel:Risk factors and help-seeking behavior. International Urogynecology Journal, 29(4), 539-546.
von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. V. (1944). The theory of games and economic behaviour. Princeton:Princeton University Press.

[1]	徐慧, 李美佳, 彭华茂. 眼睛注视线索对经济领域风险决策的影响：基于框架效应范式[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 37-44.
[2]	廖雅慧, 韩梦霏. 决策任务类型与结果框架对风险决策的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 45-51.
[3]	任亚萍, 孙岩, 赵雪松. 不同任务框架下自我损耗对自我-他人风险决策的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 750-756.
[4]	侯钰莹, 陈世平, 孟四清. 收益和损失情境中D-E冲突的反射效应和习得速度[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(2): 268-273.
[5]	刘耀中, 刘敏, 彭滨. 任务框架和社会距离对风险决策的影响：来自ERP的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(1): 13-21.
[6]	陈琳, 乐国林, 王利敏. 依恋理论在组织研究中的应用与启示[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(6): 853-860.
[7]	毛华配，廖传景，黄成毅，童辉杰. 动态决策模型下情绪对风险决策的影响^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(2): 244-248.
[8]	张玮, 成龙. 风险损益率模型:对展望理论的补充[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2013, 11(6): 806-812.
[9]	段锦云,王重鸣. 创业风险决策框架效应特征研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2010, 8(2): 106-112.
[10]	吴燕, 周晓林, 罗跃嘉. 跨期选择和风险决策的认知神经机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2010, 8(1): 76-80.