“外貌”还是“身份”：女性对男性信任决策的双重考量

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究采用2(面孔吸引力：高、低)×3(群体身份：内、外、未知)被试内设计，探究男性面孔吸引力和群体身份如何影响女性信任决策。实验1考察信托人决策，反馈未知时，信托人对高面孔吸引力受托人投资比率更高。低面孔吸引力条件下，信托人对内群体受托人投资更高。有收益反馈时，信托人对高面孔吸引力受托人的再投资金额更高，对不同群体的再投资金额趋势依次为内群体、未知群体、外群体。实验2考察受托人决策，受托人预期高面孔吸引力信托人的投资意愿更高，但信托人的面孔吸引力及群体身份对回报比率均无显著影响。综上，信任决策中“美貌溢价”具有主导作用，超越了“内群体偏爱”，这种决策模式在信托人和受托人角色中表现出不对称性。

关键词: 面孔吸引力, 决策, 内群体偏爱, 信任

Abstract:

This study employed a 2(facial attractiveness: attractive, unattractive)×3(group identity: in-group, out-group, unknown-group) within-subjects design to investigate how male facial attractiveness and group identity influence females’ trust decisions. Experiment 1 examined the truster’s decision-making. When feedback was unknown, trusters showed a higher investment rate to attractive trustees. Under the unattractive condition, trusters invested more in in-group trustees. When receiving gain feedback, trusters reinvested a larger amount to attractive trustees. The trend of reinvestment amounts across different groups was: in-group > unknown group > out-group. Experiment 2 examined the trustee’s decision-making. Trustees expected that attractive trusters would have a higher willingness to invest. However, neither the truster’s facial attractiveness nor group identity had a significant effect on reciprocation rate. In summary, the “beauty premium” plays a dominant role in trust decisions, outweighing the “in-group favoritism” effect. This decision-making pattern exhibits asymmetry between the roles of truster and trustee.

Key words: facial attractiveness, decision-making, in-group favoritism, trust

中图分类号:

B849

尚俊辰, 钟凯音, 郝芳. “外貌”还是“身份”：女性对男性信任决策的双重考量[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(4): 551-558.

Junchen SHANG, Kaiyin ZHONG, Fang HAO. “Appearance” or “Identity”: Women’s Dual Considerations in Trust Decisions with Men[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(4): 551-558.

图/表 6

参考文献 0

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	内群体	外群体	未知群体
高吸引力	5.79±0.58	5.82±0.50	5.81±0.47
低吸引力	3.07±0.39	2.91±0.35	3.04±0.36

	内群体	外群体	未知群体
高吸引力	5.79±0.58	5.82±0.50	5.81±0.47
低吸引力	3.07±0.39	2.91±0.35	3.04±0.36

	初投资比率	再投资比率(收益反馈)	再投资比率(损失反馈)	再投资金额(收益反馈)	再投资金额(损失反馈)
高面孔吸引力−内群体	0.88±0.20	0.97±0.11	0.12±0.25	1.04±0.20	0.63±0.27
高面孔吸引力−外群体	0.84±0.22	0.97±0.10	0.10±0.23	0.97±0.23	0.60±0.17
高面孔吸引力−未知群体	0.86±0.17	0.98±0.07	0.11±0.20	0.99±0.21	0.53±0.14
低面孔吸引力−内群体	0.76±0.25	0.97±0.08	0.13±0.26	0.98±0.25	0.61±0.35
低面孔吸引力−外群体	0.64±0.32	0.98±0.06	0.08±0.19	0.87±0.32	0.55±0.17
低面孔吸引力−未知群体	0.66±0.29	0.97±0.11	0.08±0.21	0.94±0.27	0.60±0.23

	初投资比率	再投资比率(收益反馈)	再投资比率(损失反馈)	再投资金额(收益反馈)	再投资金额(损失反馈)
高面孔吸引力−内群体	0.88±0.20	0.97±0.11	0.12±0.25	1.04±0.20	0.63±0.27
高面孔吸引力−外群体	0.84±0.22	0.97±0.10	0.10±0.23	0.97±0.23	0.60±0.17
高面孔吸引力−未知群体	0.86±0.17	0.98±0.07	0.11±0.20	0.99±0.21	0.53±0.14
低面孔吸引力−内群体	0.76±0.25	0.97±0.08	0.13±0.26	0.98±0.25	0.61±0.35
低面孔吸引力−外群体	0.64±0.32	0.98±0.06	0.08±0.19	0.87±0.32	0.55±0.17
低面孔吸引力−未知群体	0.66±0.29	0.97±0.11	0.08±0.21	0.94±0.27	0.60±0.23

	预测投资比率	回报比率 (预测正确)	回报比率 (预测错误)
高面孔吸引力−内群体	0.94±0.10	0.69±0.38	0.68±0.35
高面孔吸引力−外群体	0.92±0.11	0.73±0.36	0.63±0.35
高面孔吸引力−未知群体	0.91±0.11	0.74±0.37	0.66±0.32
低面孔吸引力−内群体	0.83±0.18	0.72±0.39	0.70±0.32
低面孔吸引力−外群体	0.82±0.16	0.72±0.36	0.63±0.34
低面孔吸引力−未知群体	0.82±0.15	0.70±0.37	0.69±0.35