心理与行为研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (2): 266-276.
余莉莉,闫国利
收稿日期:
2014-01-02
出版日期:
2014-03-20
发布日期:
2014-10-24
通讯作者:
闫国利,男,天津师范大学心理与行为研究院教授。E-mail:psyygl@163.com。
作者简介:
余莉莉,女,天津师范大学心理与行为研究院博士生。
基金资助:
Yu Lili,Yan Guoli
Received:
2014-01-02
Online:
2014-03-20
Published:
2014-10-24
摘要: 句子理解是阅读研究中的一个重要部分。研究者采用了不同的手段和任务对这一问题进行了长期的研究,其中,眼动分析技术是一种行之有效的手段。本文从句子理解的三个阶段(视觉信息的提取,句子中的词汇识别和句子整合),探讨了眼动分析技术在句子理解研究中的优势作用。在此基础之上,提出了未来使用眼动分析技术进行句子理解研究需要注意的几个问题。
中图分类号:
余莉莉,闫国利. 眼动分析技术在句子理解研究中的应用*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(2): 266-276.
Yu Lili,Yan Guoli. The Application of Eye Movements in Sentence Comprehension[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2014, 12(2): 266-276.
白学军,郭志英,顾俊娟,曹玉肖,闫国利. (2011). 词切分对日-汉双语者汉语阅读影响的眼动研究. 心理学报,43(11),1273-1282. 胡笑羽,白学军,闫国利. (2010). 副中央凹-中央凹效应的研究现状及展望. 心理科学进展,18(3),412-419. 李馨. (2008). 汉语双字词语义透明度的发展研究. 硕士学位论文. 天津师范大学. 刘燕妮,舒华. (2003). ERP 与语言研究. 心理科学进展,11(3),296-302. 彭聃龄,丁国盛,王春茂,Taft,M.,朱晓平. (1999). 汉语逆序词的加工:词素在词加工中的作用. 心理学报,31(1),36-46. 任桂琴,韩玉昌,刘颖. (2012). 句子语境中汉语词汇识别的即时加工过程. 心理科学进展,20(4),493-503. 沈德立,白学军,臧传丽,闫国利,冯本才,范晓红. (2010). 词切分对初学者句子阅读影响的眼动研究. 心理学报,42(2),159-172. 闫国利,王丽红,巫金根,白学军. (2011). 不同年级学生阅读知觉广度及预视效益的眼动研究. 心理学报,43(3),249-263. 闫国利,巫金根,臧传丽,白学军. (2010). 阅读知觉广度眼动研究述评. 心理学探新,30(002),23-28. 闫国利,熊建萍,臧传丽,余莉莉,崔磊,白学军. (2013). 阅读研究中的主要眼动指标评述. 心理科学进展,21STBZ〗(004),589-605. 余莉莉,闫国利. (2011). 成语具体性效应的眼动研究. 心理与行为研究,9(4),273-280. 张钦,丁锦红,郭春彦,王争艳. (2003). 名词与动词加工的ERP差异.心理学报,35(6),753-760. Altarriba,J.,Kambe,G.,Pollatsek,A.,& Rayner,K. (2001). Semantic codes are not used in integrating information across eye fixations in reading: Evidence from fluent Spanish-English bilinguals.Perception & Psychophysics,63(5),875-890. Ashby,J.,Rayner,K.,& Clifton,C. (2005). Eye movements of highly skilled and average readers: Differential effects of frequency and predictability.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A,58(6),1065-1086. Bai,X.,Yan,G.,Liversedge,S. P.,Zang,C.,& Rayner,K. (2008). Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text: evidence from eye movements.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,34(5),1277-1287. Bornkessel-Schlesewsky,I.,& Schlesewsky,M. (2008). An alternative perspective on“semantic P600” effects in language comprehension. Brain research reviews,59(1),55-73. Braze,D.,Shankweiler,D.,Ni,W.,& Palumbo,L. C. (2002). Readers eye movements distinguish anomalies of form and content.Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,31(1),25-44. Britton,B. K.,& Gülgz,S. (1991). Using Kintschs computational model to improve instructional text: Effects of repairing inference calls on recall and cognitive structures. Journal of Educational Psychology,83(3),329-345. Brown,C.,& Hagoort,P. (1993). The processing nature of the N400: Evidence from masked priming.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,5(1),34-44. Cui,L.,Drieghe,D.,Yan,G.,Bai,X.,Chi,H.,& Liversedge,S. P. (2013). Parafoveal processing across different lexical constituents in Chinese reading.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,66(2),403-416. Cui,L.,Yan,G.,Bai,X.,Hyn,J.,Wang,S.,& Liversedge,S. P. (2013). Processing of compound-word characters in reading Chinese: An eye-movement-contingent display change study.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,66(3),527-547. Dopkins,S.,Morris,R. K.,& Rayner,K. (1992). Lexical ambiguity and eye fixations in reading: A test of competing models of lexical ambiguity resolution.Journal of Memory and Language,31(4),461-476. Duffy,S. A.,Morris,R. K.,& Rayner,K. (1988). Lexical ambiguity and fixation times in reading.Journal of memory and language,27(4),429-446. Engbert,R.,Nuthmann,A.,Richter,E. M.,& Kliegl,R. (2005). SWIFT:A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological review,112(4),777-813. Ferreira,F.,& Henderson,J. M. (1990). Use of verb information in syntactic parsing: Evidence from eye movements and word-by-word self-paced reading.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory,and Cognition,16(4),555-568. Ferreira,F.,Henderson,J. M.,Anes,M. D.,Weeks,P. A.,& McFarlane,D. K. (1996). Effects of lexical frequency and syntactic complexity in spoken-language comprehension: Evidence from the auditory moving-window technique.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory,and Cognition,22(2),324-335. Frazier,L.,& Rayner,K. (1982). Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences.Cognitive psychology,14(2),178-210. Frazier,L.,& Rayner,K. (1990). Taking on semantic commitments: Processing multiple meanings vs. multiple senses. Journal of Memory and Language,29(2),181-200. Hauk,O.,& Pulvermüller,F. (2004). Effects of word length and frequency on the human event-related potential. Clinical Neurophysiology,115(5),1090-1103. Hauk,O.,Davis,M. H.,Ford,M.,Pulvermüller,F.,& Marslen-Wilson,W. D. (2006). The time course of visual word recognition as revealed by linear regression analysis of ERP data. Neuroimage,30(4),1383-1400. Hautala,J.,Hyn,J.,& Aro,M. (2011). Dissociating spatial and letter-based word length effects observed in readerseye movement patterns.Vision research,51(15),1719-1727. Hyn,J.,& Hiki,T. (2005). Is emotional content obtained from parafoveal words during reading? An eye movement analysis.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,46(6),475-483. Hyn,J.,& Pollatsek,A. (1998). Reading Finnish compound words: Eye fixations are affected by component morphemes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,24(6),1612-1627. Inhoff,A. W.,& Liu,W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences.Journal of Experi ̄mental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,24(1),20-34. Inhoff,A. W.,& Rayner,K. (1986). Parafoveal word processing during eye fixations in reading: Effects of word frequency.Perception & Psychophysics,40(6),431-439. Inhoff,A. W.,Pollatsek,A.,Posner,M. I.,& Rayner,K. (1989). Covert attention and eye movements during reading.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,41(1),63-89. Inhoff,A. W.,Radach,R.,Starr,M.,& Greenberg,S. (2000).Allocation of visuo-spatial attention and saccade programming during reading. A. Kennedy,R. Radach,D. Heller,& J. Pynte,(Eds),Reading as a perceptual process. ,(pp. 221-246). Amsterdam,Netherlands: North-Holland/Elsevier Science Publishers. Joseph,H. S.,Liversedge,S. P.,Blythe,H. I.,White,S. J.,& Rayner,K. (2009). Word length and landing position effects during reading in children and adults.Vision Research,49(16),2078-2086. Joseph,H. S.,Liversedge,S. P.,Blythe,H. I.,White,S. J.,Gathercole,S. E.,& Rayner,K. (2008). Childrens and adults processing of anomaly and implausibility during reading: Evidence from eye movements.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,61(5),708-723. Juhasz,B. J. (2007). The influence of semantic transparency on eye movements during English compound word recognition.Eye movements: A window on mind and brain, 373-389. Juhasz,B. J.,White,S. J.,Liversedge,S. P.,& Rayner,K. (2008). Eye movements and the use of parafoveal word length information in reading.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,34(6),1560-1579. Just,m. A.,& Carpenter,P. A. (Eds),The psychology of reading and language comprehension (pp.4-22). Boston: Allyn and Bacon,Inc. Kliegl,R.,Nuthmann,A.,& Engbert,R. (2006). Tracking the mind during reading: the influence of past,present,and future words on fixation durations.Journal of experimental psychology: General,135(1),12-35. Kliegl,R.,Risse,S.,& Laubrock,J. (2007). Preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effects from wordn+ 2. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,33(5),12501255. Kuperman,V.,Drieghe,D.,Keuleers,E.,& Brysbaert,M. (2013). How strongly do word reading times and lexical decision times correlate? Combining data from eye movement corpora and megastudies.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,66(3),563-580. Leyland,L. A.,Kirkby,J. A.,Juhasz,B. J.,Pollatsek,A.,& Liversedge,S. P. (2013). The influence of word shading and word length on eye movements during reading.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,66(3),471-486. Liversedge,S. P.,Paterson,K. B.,& Pickering,M. J. (1998). Eye movements and measures of reading time.Eye Guidance in Reading and Scene Perception,56-74. Liversedge,S.P. & Findlay,J.M. (2000). Eye movements reflect cognitive processes.Trends in Cognitive Science,4(1),6-14. McConkie,G. W.,& Rayner,K. (1975). The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading.Perception & Psychophysics,17(6),578-586. McConkie,G. W.,Kerr,P. W.,Reddix,M. D.,& Zola,D. (1988). Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words.Vision research,28(10),1107-1118. McKoon,G.,& Ratcliff,R. (1992). Inference during reading.Psychological review,99(3),440-466. Meseguer,E.,Carreiras,M.,& Clifton,C. (2002). Overt reanalysis strategies and eye movements during the reading of mild garden path sentences.Memory & Cognition,30(4),551-561. Miellet,S.,ODonnell,P. J.,& Sereno,S. C. (2009). Parafoveal magnification visual acuity does not modulate the perceptual span in reading.Psychological Science,20(6),721-728. Morris,R. K.,Rayner,K.,& Pollatsek,A. (1990). Eye movement guidance in reading: The role of parafoveal letter and space information.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,16(2),268-281. Neville,H.,Nicol,J. L.,Barss,A.,Forster,K. I.,& Garrett,M. F. (1991). Syntactically based sentence processing classes: Evidence from event-related brain potentials.Journal of cognitive Neuroscience,3(2),151-165. Ni,W.,Fodor,J. D.,Crain,S.,& Shankweiler,D. (1998). Anomaly detection: Eye movement patterns. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,27(5),515-539. Paterson,K. B.,Liversedge IV,S. P.,& Underwood,G. (1999). The influence of focus operators on syntactic processing of short relative clause sentences.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A,52(3),717-737. Perea,M.,& Acha,J. (2009). Space information is important for reading.Vision Research,49(15),1994-2000. Plummer,P.,& Rayner,K. (2012). Effects of parafoveal word length and orthographic features on initial fixation landing positions in reading.Attention,Perception,& Psychophysics,74(5),950-963. Pollatsek,A.,& Hyn,J. (2005). The role of semantic transparency in the processing of Finnish compound words.Language and Cognitive Processes,20(1-2),261-290. Pollatsek,A.,Bolozky,S.,Well,A. D.,& Rayner,K. (1981). Asymmetries in the perceptual span for Israeli readers.Brain and language,14(1),174-180. Pollatsek,A.,Reichle,E. D.,& Rayner,K. (2006). Tests of the E-Z Reader model: Exploring the interface between cognition and eye-movement control.Cognitive Psychology,52(1),1-56. Radach,R.,Kennedy,A.,& Rayner,K. (Eds.). (2004). Eye movements and information processing during reading. Psychology Press. Rayner,K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing.Psychological Bulletin,124(3),372-422. Rayner,K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading,scene perception,and visual search.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,62(8),1457-1506. Rayner,K.,& Bertera,J. H. (1979). Reading without a fovea.Science,206(4417),468-469. Rayner,K.,Ashby,J.,Pollatsek,A.,& Reichle,E. D. (2004). The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: implications for the EZ Reader model.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,30(4),720-732. Rayner,K.,Balota,D. A.,& Pollatsek,A. (1986). Against parafoveal semantic preprocessing during eye fixations in reading.Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie,40(4),473-483. Rayner,K.,Binder,K. S.,Ashby,J.,& Pollatsek,A. (2001). Eye movement control in reading: Word predictability has little influence on initial landing positions in words.Vision Research,41(7),943-954. Rayner,K.,Carlson,M.,& Frazier,L. (1983). The interaction of syntax and semantics during sentence processing: Eye movements in the analysis of semantically biased sentences.Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior,22(3),358-374. Rayner,K.,Cook,A. E.,Juhasz,B. J.,& Frazier,L. (2006). Immediate disambiguation of lexically ambiguous words during reading: Evidence from eye movements.British Journal of Psychology,97(4),467-482. Rayner,K.,Li,X.,Juhasz,B. J.,& Yan,G. (2005). The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readers.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,12(6),1089-1093. Rayner,K.,Liversedge,S. P.,& White,S. J. (2006). Eye movements when reading disappearing text: The importance of the word to the right of fixation.Vision Research,46(3),310-323. Rayner,K.,Liversedge,S. P.,White,S. J.,& Vergilino-Perez,D. (2003). Reading disappearing text cognitive control of eye movements.Psychological science,14(4),385-388. Rayner,K.,Slattery,T. J.,& Bélanger,N. N. (2010). Eye movements,the perceptual span,and reading speed. Psychonomic bulletin & review,17(6),834-839. Rayner,K.,Warren,T.,Juhasz,B. J.,& Liversedge,S. P. (2004). The effect of plausibility on eye movements in reading.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory,and Cognition,30(6),1290-1301. Rayner,K.,Well,A. D.,& Pollatsek,A. (1980). Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading. Perception & Psychophysics,27(6),537-544. Reichle,E. D.,Pollatsek,A.,Fisher,D. L.,& Rayner,K. (1998). Toward a model of eye movement control in reading.Psychological review, 105(1),125-157. Reichle,E. D.,Warren,T.,& McConnell,K. (2009). Using E-Z Reader to model the effects of higher level language processing on eye movements during reading.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,16(1),1-21. Reingold,E. M.,Yang,J.,& Rayner,K. (2010). The time course of word frequency and case alternation effects on fixation times in reading: Evidence for lexical control of eye movements.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,36(6),1677-1683. Richter,E. M.,Engbert,R.,& Kliegl,R. (2006). Current advances in SWIFT.Cognitive Systems Research,7(1),23-33. Schilling,H. E.,Rayner,K.,& Chumbley,J. I. (1998). Comparing naming,lexical decision,and eye fixation times: Word frequency effects and individual differences.Memory & Cognition,26(6),1270-1281. Sereno,S. C.,ODonnell,P. J.,& Rayner,K. (2006). Eye movements and lexical ambiguity resolution: Investigating the subordinate-bias effect.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,32(2),335-350. Sereno,S. C.,Rayner,K.,& Posner,M. I. (1998). Establishing a time-line of word recognition: evidence from eye movements and event-related potentials.NeuroReport,9(10),2195-2200. Slattery,T. J.,Pollatsek,A.,& Rayner,K. (2007). The effect of the frequencies of three consecutive content words on eye movements during reading.Memory & cognition,35(6),1283-1292. Taft,M. (2004). Morphological decomposition and the reverse base frequency effect.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A,57(4),745-765. Van Herten,M.,Kolk,H. H.,& Chwilla,D. J. (2005). An ERP study of P600 effects elicited by semantic anomalies.Cognitive Brain Research,22(2),241-255. Van Petten,C. (1995). Words and sentences: Event-related brain potential measures. Psychophysiology,32(6),511-525. Van Petten,C.,& Kutas,M. (1990). Interactions between sentence context and word frequencyinevent-related brainpotentials.Memory & Cognition,18(4),380-393. Vitu,F.,O’regan,J. K.,& Mittau,M. (1990). Optimal landing position in reading isolated words and continuous text. Perception & Psychophysics,47(6),583-600. Warren,T.,McConnell,K.,& Rayner,K. (2008). Effects of context on eye movements when reading about possible and impossible events.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory,and Cognition,34(4),1001-1010. White,S. J.,& Liversedge,S. P. (2006). Foveal processing difficulty does not modulate non-foveal orthographic influences on fixation positions.Vision Research,46(3),426-437. White,S. J.,Rayner,K.,& Liversedge,S. P. (2005). Eye movements and the modulation of parafoveal processing by foveal processing difficulty: A reexamination.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,12(5),891-896. Yan,G.,Bai,X.,Zang,C.,Bian,Q.,Cui,L.,Qi,W.,... & Liversedge,S. P. (2012). Using stroke removal to investigate Chinese character identification during reading: Evidence from eye movements.Reading and Writing,25(5),951-979. Yan,G.,Tian,H.,Bai,X.,& Rayner,K. (2006). The effect of word and character frequency on the eye movements of Chinese readers.British Journal of Psychology,97(2),259-268. Yan,M.,Kliegl,R.,Shu,H.,Pan,J.,& Zhou,X. (2010). Parafoveal load of word N+ 1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word N+ 2 in Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,36(6),1669-1676. Yan,M.,Richter,E. M.,Shu,H.,& Kliegl,R. (2009). Readers of Chinese extract semantic information from parafoveal words.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,16(3),561-566. Yang,J.,Wang,S.,Chen,H. C.,& Rayner,K. (2009). The time course of semantic and syntactic processing in Chinese sentence comprehension: Evidence from eye movements.Memory & cognition,37(8),1164-1176. Yang,J.,Wang,S.,Tong,X.,& Rayner,K. (2012). Semantic and plausibility effects on preview benefit during eye fixations in Chinese reading.Reading and Writing,25(5),1031-1052. Yang,J.,Wang,S.,Xu,Y.,& Rayner,K. (2009). Do chinese readers obtain preview benefit from word n+ 2? Evidence from eye movements.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,35(4),1192-1204. Zang,C.,Liang,F.,Bai,X.,Yan,G.,& Liversedge,S. P. (2013). Interword spacing and landing position effects during Chinese reading in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,39(3),720-734. Zhou,X.,& Marslen-Wilson,W. (2000). The relative time course of semantic and phonological activation in reading Chinese.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory,and Cognition,26(5),1245-1265. Zola,D. (1984). Redundancy and word perception during reading.Perception & Psychophysics,36(3),277-284. |
[1] | 贾宁, 容丽卓, 代景华. 社会性线索对内隐和外显元认知监控的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 593-599. |
[2] | 李士一, 谢岩枫, 赵光, 白学军. 媒体多任务经验对不同注意模式下内隐记忆的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(4): 433-440. |
[3] | 张慢慢, 胡惠兰, 边菡, 李芳, 张志超, 臧传丽. 中文阅读中快速读者与慢速读者的词频效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 304-310. |
[4] | 何立媛, 赵星, 白玉, 刘妮娜. 汉语老年读者的多词单元加工:来自眼动研究的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 160-166. |
[5] | 秦钊, 王影超, 叶佳滢, 袁小源, 闫国利. 聋人句子阅读中的视觉功能补偿现象:副中央凹−中央凹效应的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 167-173. |
[6] | 顾俊娟, 高志华, 马绍扬. 嵌套词汉字位置加工的亚词边界效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 1-7. |
[7] | 赵赛男, 李琳, 张俐娟, 王敬欣. 汉语阅读中高限制性语境对不可预测词加工的影响:眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 736-742. |
[8] | 刘璐, 姜雅梅, 张巧明, 李诸洋. 义符位置与语义透明度对形声字语义激活的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 585-591. |
[9] | 李赛男, 闫国利, 王亚丽, 刘敏, 赵淑萍. 一年级小学生阅读知觉广度的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 606-611. |
[10] | 张苏媛, 兰泽波, 张水, 孟珠, 闫国利. 无关言语对一年级小学生阅读影响的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 433-438,446. |
[11] | 高晓雷, 沈梦, 任晓飞, 白学军, 高蕾. 高、低汉语水平藏–汉读者汉语阅读知觉广度及预视效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 297-303,333. |
[12] | 贺斐, 梁菲菲, 白学军. 汉语阅读伴随词汇学习的形旁类别一致性效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 304-311. |
[13] | 康立超, 兰泽波, 韩映虹. 不同阅读方式下图画书重复阅读对4~5岁幼儿文字关注影响的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 368-374. |
[14] | 何立媛, 田雪, 李悦, 沈凤丹, 王永胜, 吴捷. 无关言语影响老年人阅读过程的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 375-381. |
[15] | 乌仁其木格, 赵傲雪, 汪钰涵, 庄想灵, 马国杰. “找茬”任务中的视野偏好与参照策略[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(2): 166-171. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||