Childhood Trauma and Psychological Distress Among College Freshmen: The Mediating Role of Sense of Security and Moderating Effect of Friendship Quality

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.01.011

Abstract

Abstract:

This study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress among college freshmen and explored the mediating role of a sense of security and the moderating effect of friendship quality. A survey was conducted on 710 college freshmen by using measures such as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Sense of Security Questionnaire, the Friendship Quality Inventory and the short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. The results revealed that the severity of childhood trauma was significantly positively correlated with psychological distress. A sense of security mediated the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress. Friendship quality moderated the relationships between childhood trauma and sense of security, as well as between childhood trauma and depression. The findings indicate that the loss of a sense of security is an important mediating mechanism through which childhood trauma leads to various psychological distress among college freshmen. High friendship quality can mitigate the impact of childhood trauma on depression but is insufficient to buffer the negative effects of childhood trauma on a sense of security.

Key words: childhood trauma, sense of security, psychological distress, friendship quality, college freshmen

摘要：

本研究考察了大学新生童年期创伤与心理困扰之间的关系，并探究了安全感和友谊质量在其中的作用机制。研究采用童年期创伤问卷、安全感量表、友谊质量量表和抑郁−焦虑−压力量表对710名大学新生进行调查。结果表明，大学新生的童年期创伤程度与心理困扰呈显著正相关；安全感能够中介童年期创伤对心理困扰的影响；友谊质量在童年期创伤与安全感，以及童年期创伤与抑郁之间起到调节作用。安全感缺失是童年期创伤导致大学新生产生各种心理困扰的重要中介机制，高友谊质量可以缓解童年期创伤对抑郁的影响，但友谊质量的提高并不足以缓冲童年期创伤对安全感的消极影响。

关键词: 童年期创伤, 安全感, 心理困扰, 友谊质量, 大学新生

Man LI, Jiahui ZHANG, Tong XU, Zhansheng XU. Childhood Trauma and Psychological Distress Among College Freshmen: The Mediating Role of Sense of Security and Moderating Effect of Friendship Quality[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(1): 82-90.

李曼, 张嘉惠, 徐彤, 徐战胜. 童年期创伤与大学新生的心理困扰：安全感的中介和友谊质量的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(1): 82-90.

Figures/Tables 6

References 0

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变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.性别
2.年龄	18.23	0.65	−0.03
3.童年期创伤	1.31	0.28	−0.05	0.003
4.安全感	3.52	0.76	0.02	−0.02	−0.35***
5.友谊质量	3.81	0.54	0.25***	−0.05	−0.29***	0.31***
6.抑郁	0.35	0.46	−0.12**	0.03	0.34***	−0.56***	−0.32***
7.焦虑	0.47	0.47	−0.06	0.03	0.28***	−0.59***	−0.25***	0.71***
8.压力	0.75	0.61	−0.01	0.06	0.26***	−0.62***	−0.25***	0.70***	0.77***

变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.性别
2.年龄	18.23	0.65	−0.03
3.童年期创伤	1.31	0.28	−0.05	0.003
4.安全感	3.52	0.76	0.02	−0.02	−0.35***
5.友谊质量	3.81	0.54	0.25***	−0.05	−0.29***	0.31***
6.抑郁	0.35	0.46	−0.12**	0.03	0.34***	−0.56***	−0.32***
7.焦虑	0.47	0.47	−0.06	0.03	0.28***	−0.59***	−0.25***	0.71***
8.压力	0.75	0.61	−0.01	0.06	0.26***	−0.62***	−0.25***	0.70***	0.77***

因变量	结果变量	预测变量	R	R²	F	β	t	95%CI
抑郁	安全感		0.43	0.19	40.02***
		性别				−0.05	−1.48	[−0.12, 0.02]
		童年期创伤				−0.30	−8.41***	[−0.37, −0.23]
		友谊质量				0.25	6.78***	[0.18, 0.32]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.10	−3.12**	[−0.16, −0.04]
	抑郁		0.60	0.36	80.77***
		性别				−0.08	−2.45*	[−0.14, −0.02]
		童年期创伤				0.12	3.46***	[0.05, 0.18]
		安全感				−0.49	−14.62***	[−0.55, −0.42]
		友谊质量				−0.11	−3.20**	[−0.17, −0.04]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.08	−2.82**	[−0.14, −0.02]
焦虑	安全感		0.43	0.19	40.02***
		性别				−0.05	−1.48	[−0.12, 0.02]
		童年期创伤				−0.30	−8.41***	[−0.37, −0.23]
		友谊质量				0.25	6.78***	[0.18, 0.32]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.10	−3.12**	[−0.16, −0.04]
	焦虑		0.60	0.36	79.02***
		性别				−0.03	−0.96	[−0.09, 0.03]
		童年期创伤				0.07	2.02*	[0.002, 0.13]
		安全感				−0.55	−16.56***	[−0.62, −0.49]
		友谊质量				−0.04	−1.23	[−0.11, 0.03]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.04	−1.48	[−0.10, 0.01]
压力	安全感		0.43	0.19	40.02***
		性别				−0.05	−1.48	[−0.12, 0.02]
		童年期创伤				−0.30	−8.41***	[−0.37, −0.23]
		友谊质量				0.25	6.78***	[0.18, 0.32]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.10	−3.12**	[−0.16, −0.04]
	压力		0.63	0.39	91.58***
		性别				0.02	0.58	[−0.04, 0.08]
		童年期创伤				0.03	0.96	[−0.03, 0.10]
		安全感				−0.59	−18.27***	[−0.66, −0.53]
		友谊质量				−0.06	−1.86	[−0.12, 0.003]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.04	−1.27	[−0.09, 0.02]

因变量	结果变量	预测变量	R	R²	F	β	t	95%CI
抑郁	安全感		0.43	0.19	40.02***
		性别				−0.05	−1.48	[−0.12, 0.02]
		童年期创伤				−0.30	−8.41***	[−0.37, −0.23]
		友谊质量				0.25	6.78***	[0.18, 0.32]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.10	−3.12**	[−0.16, −0.04]
	抑郁		0.60	0.36	80.77***
		性别				−0.08	−2.45*	[−0.14, −0.02]
		童年期创伤				0.12	3.46***	[0.05, 0.18]
		安全感				−0.49	−14.62***	[−0.55, −0.42]
		友谊质量				−0.11	−3.20**	[−0.17, −0.04]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.08	−2.82**	[−0.14, −0.02]
焦虑	安全感		0.43	0.19	40.02***
		性别				−0.05	−1.48	[−0.12, 0.02]
		童年期创伤				−0.30	−8.41***	[−0.37, −0.23]
		友谊质量				0.25	6.78***	[0.18, 0.32]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.10	−3.12**	[−0.16, −0.04]
	焦虑		0.60	0.36	79.02***
		性别				−0.03	−0.96	[−0.09, 0.03]
		童年期创伤				0.07	2.02*	[0.002, 0.13]
		安全感				−0.55	−16.56***	[−0.62, −0.49]
		友谊质量				−0.04	−1.23	[−0.11, 0.03]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.04	−1.48	[−0.10, 0.01]
压力	安全感		0.43	0.19	40.02***
		性别				−0.05	−1.48	[−0.12, 0.02]
		童年期创伤				−0.30	−8.41***	[−0.37, −0.23]
		友谊质量				0.25	6.78***	[0.18, 0.32]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.10	−3.12**	[−0.16, −0.04]
	压力		0.63	0.39	91.58***
		性别				0.02	0.58	[−0.04, 0.08]
		童年期创伤				0.03	0.96	[−0.03, 0.10]
		安全感				−0.59	−18.27***	[−0.66, −0.53]
		友谊质量				−0.06	−1.86	[−0.12, 0.003]
		童年期创伤×友谊质量				−0.04	−1.27	[−0.09, 0.02]

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