Abstract: Statistics is the discipline concerned with the study of population, variation, and methods of data reduction, and with the study of decision-making in the face of uncertainty. Statistical method plays an important role in psychological research and it is very important to use it appropriately. However, a lot of misused of statistics and lie exist in psychological research at intervals. By combining some experts′ viewpoint and the author′s research, the author discusses such general issues as the use of biased and small sample, the lack of potential variables, exaggerating of statistical diagrams, reflect on reliability and significance test, causality, and so on. The theoretical problem underlying each is highlighted and suggested solutions are provided.

Key words: psychological research, psychological statistics, misuse

摘要： 心理统计是认识心理现象数量特征的重要工具,在心理学研究中或多或少地存在着统计的误用。本文从心理学研究过程的内在逻辑出发,探讨了在心理研究中应用统计应该注意的问题和可能遇到的误用现象：有偏样本与小样本的使用,潜在变量的缺失,欺骗性的统计图表,量表信度与统计显著性检验的考量,事后解释的谬误,统计关系与因果关系等。针对这些问题提出避免统计误用的方法与建议。

关键词: 心理学研究, 心理统计学, 误用, 谎言