Studies of Psychology and Behavior ›› 2017, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3): 309-316.

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Study on Mental Processes of Different Types of Chinese Negative Sentences

Li Ying, Wu Jun, Liang Yuanyuan, Wang Yue   

  1. Department of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001
  • Received:2015-12-07 Online:2017-06-08 Published:2017-05-20

不同性质汉语否定句心理加工过程的实验研究

李莹, 吴军, 梁园园, 王悦   

  1. 郑州大学教育学院,郑州 450001
  • 通讯作者: 王 悦,E-mail:yuezi68@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2015CYY023; 2016CYY027)和河南省人文社会科学一般项目(2017-ZZJH-542)

Abstract: The study investigated dynamic mental processing of different types of negative sentences using sentence-word decision and sentence-picture judgment tasks. Experiment 1 examined the mental process of literal negative sentences. Participants were presented with affirmative and negative sentences containing a target entity. After reading sentence, participants were presented with a picture of the target entity that was either matched or mismatched with property of the entity in the preceding sentence. The delay between sentence and word was 750ms in Experiment 1a and 1500ms in Experiment 1b. In Experiment 2, most of the procedures were same as that in Experiment 1 expect that participants read metaphorical negative and affirmative sentences and then completed word judgment tasks. The result showed that for literal negative sentences, reaction time in match condition was longer than in mismatch condition in 750ms, however in 1500ms the result was opposite. For metaphorical negative sentences, reaction time in match condition was also longer than in mismatch condition in 750ms, but there was no difference between the two conditions in 1500ms. The whole study proved the assumption that mental processes of different types of negative sentences were dynamically varied. Processing of literal negative sentences confirms to the two-stage simulating theory, while processing of metaphorical negative sentences is more accorded with suppression/preservation hypothesis.

Key words: literal negative sentence, metaphorical negative sentence, two-stage simulating theory, suppression/preservation hypothesis

摘要: 采用词汇/图片判断范式,以不同性质的否定句和其对应的肯定句为实验材料,以词汇/图片判断的反应时和正确率为因变量指标,探讨不同性质汉语否定句的加工是否是动态变化的过程。研究分为两个大实验四个小实验。实验一采用句图匹配任务,否定句是对具体现实情境的否定,实验1a和1b分别考察句图短时间间隔和长时间间隔下否定意义的加工。实验二采用词汇判断任务,实验材料为隐喻形式的否定句。实验2a和2b分别为句词短时间间隔和长时间间隔。实验1发现短时间间隔时,句图不匹配条件下图片判断时间短于匹配时;长时间间隔时相反,句图匹配条件下图片判断时间更短。实验2发现短时间间隔时,句词不匹配条件下词汇判断时间短于匹配时,而长时间间隔时匹配与否的词汇判断时间无差异。综合两个实验结果表明,对现实情境的具体否定句符合两阶段模拟加工,被否定意义在加工早期被表征,但会因句子实际意义的通达而得到抑制;而隐喻形式的抽象否定句加工更符合抑制/保存假说,被否定意义在加工早期被表征,并在加工后期仍保留在头脑中。

关键词: 具体否定句, 隐喻否定句, 两阶段模拟加工理论, 抑制/保存假说

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