Abstract: Item selection is one of the hot issues in metacognitive control. In the present study, the experimental materials were composed of calculation questions with different scores and difficulty. Two experiments were conducted to explore the psychological reality of the rate of learning (ROL) and its impact on item selection. In Experiment 1, under the condition of unlimited-time, participants were asked to complete calculation questions with different difficulty and then assigned scores. In Experiment 2, the ROL of the items was set by changing the difficulty and score. The participants were asked to calculate the items to get more scores within a limited time. The results showed that: 1) The longer the calculation time was, the higher the score of the item was. However, the ratio of time (difficulty) and score was not change, that is, the ROL was consistent. 2) The participants tended to choose the items with higher ROL to calculate. When the ROL was the same, items with higher scores and more difficult were preferred. In sum, the results confirm the psychological reality of ROL and indicate that ROL is the main basis of item selection.

Key words: rate of learning, psychological reality, item selection

摘要： 项目选择一直是元认知控制研究中的热点问题。本研究以不同难度和分值的计算题为实验材料，通过两个实验探讨学习率的心理现实性及其对项目选择的影响。实验1中，在不限时条件下，被试者需要完成不同难度的计算题并赋予不同分值。实验2中，在限时条件下，通过变化计算题的难度和分值设计了三种不同学习率的项目，被试只能选择其中一种项目来计算以获得更高的分值。研究表明：第一，当项目所用时间增多时，被试对该项目所赋分值就增大，而时间（难度）与分值的比例是不变的，即学习率是相同的；第二，被试倾向于选择学习率更高的项目来完成计算任务，而当学习率相同时，被试倾向于优先选择高分困难项目。研究证实了学习率的心理现实性，并确定了学习率是项目选择的主要依据。

关键词: 学习率, 心理现实性, 项目选择