Trust and Its Repair in Betrayal Trauma Individuals: The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Mindfulness

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.06.014

Abstract

Abstract:

This study examined the impact of betrayal trauma on trust levels and explored the moderating role of perceived social mindfulness in trust behavior and its subsequent repair. Experiment 1 employed a trust game and social mindfulness paradigm to assess whether perceived social mindfulness enhances trust behavior. Experiment 2 utilized a trust violation paradigm to investigate its influence on trust repair. The results showed that: 1) individuals with high betrayal trauma exhibited significantly lower trust behavior compared to those with low betrayal trauma; 2) perceived social mindfulness not only improved trust behavior but also facilitated trust repair, with this effect being particularly pronounced among high betrayal trauma individuals. These findings underscore the enduring detrimental effects of betrayal trauma on interpersonal trust, while highlighting targeted social mindfulness interventions as a promising avenue for trust rehabilitation, especially in trauma-affected populations.

Key words: betrayal trauma, trust, trust repair, perceived social mindfulness

摘要：

研究探讨背叛创伤个体的信任水平是否低于常人，并检验感知社会善念对信任提升及修复的调节作用。实验1使用信任游戏和SoMi范式，考察感知社会善念对信任行为水平的提升效果；实验2使用信任违背范式，考察感知社会善念对于信任修复效果的提升作用。结果发现：(1)高背叛创伤群体的信任水平低于低背叛创伤群体；(2)感知社会善念能有效提升信任行为并促进信任修复，且这一效果在高背叛创伤群体中更为明显。结果表明背叛创伤经历对个体的信任有着不良影响，并且感知社会善念可以在一定程度上修复这种影响。

关键词: 背叛创伤, 信任, 信任修复, 感知社会善念

Juncai WANG, Yan WU. Trust and Its Repair in Betrayal Trauma Individuals: The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Mindfulness[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(6): 830-838.

王俊材, 吴燕. 背叛创伤群体的信任及其修复：感知社会善念的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(6): 830-838.

Figures/Tables 8

References 0

	陈杰灵, 伍新春, 安媛媛. 创伤后成长的促进: 基本原理与主要方法. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2015, (6): 114- 122.
	窦凯, 刘耀中, 王玉洁, 聂衍刚. “乐”于合作: 感知社会善念诱导合作行为的情绪机制. 心理学报, 2018, 50 (1): 101- 114.
	黄丽, 杨廷忠, 季忠民. 正性负性情绪量表的中国人群适用性研究. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2003, 17 (1): 54- 56. DOI
	王沛, 刘雨婷, 梁雅君, 谈晨皓. 关系认知与善意认知对大学生人际信任的影响. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36 (4): 406- 413. DOI
	王霄, 吴伟炯. 情绪机制与公共物品供给决策——一项基于社会资本的实验研究. 经济研究, 2012, (11): 142- 156.
	辛自强, 徐啸尘. 温暖环境的人更信任吗? 温度与人际信任的关系. 心理与行为研究, 2013, 11 (5): 685- 689.
	Bagdasarov, Z., Connelly, S., & Johnson, J. F. Denial and empathy: Partners in employee trust repair?. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019, 10, 19. DOI
	Berndsen, M., Wenzel, M., Thomas, E. F., & Noske, B. I feel you feel what I feel: Perceived perspective-taking promotes victims’ conciliatory attitudes because of inferred emotions in the offender. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2018, 48 (2): O103- O120.
	Briere, J., Godbout, N., & Runtz, M. (2012). The psychological maltreatment review (PMR): Initial reliability and association with insecure attachment in adults. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21(3), 300–320.
	Campos-Castillo, C., & Ewoodzie, K. Relational trustworthiness: How status affects intra-organizational inequality in job autonomy. Social Science Research, 2014, 44, 60- 74. DOI
	Dirks, K. T., Lewicki, R. J., & Zaheer, A. Reparing relationships within and between organizations: Building a conceptual foundation. Academy of Management Review, 2009, 34 (1): 68- 84. DOI
	Dou, K., Wang, Y. J., Li, J. B., Li, J. J., & Nie, Y.G. Perceiving high social mindfulness during interpersonal interaction promotes cooperative behaviours. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2018, 21 (1–2): 97- 106. DOI
	Gamache Martin, C., van Ryzin, M. J., & Dishion, T. J. (2016). Profiles of childhood trauma: Betrayal, frequency, and psychological distress in late adolescence. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(2), 206–213.
	Gobin, R. L., & Freyd, J. J. (2009). Betrayal and revictimization: Preliminary findings. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 1(3), 242–257.
	Gobin, R. L., & Freyd, J. J. (2014). The impact of betrayal trauma on the tendency to trust. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(5), 505–511.
	Goldberg, L. R., & Freyd, J. J. Self-reports of potentially traumatic experiences in an adult community sample: Gender differences and test-retest stabilities of the items in a brief betrayal-trauma survey. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2006, 7 (3): 39- 63.
	Hein, T. C., & Monk, C. S. Research Review: Neural response to threat in children, adolescents, and adults after child maltreatment — A quantitative meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017, 58 (3): 222- 230. DOI
	Hujing, C. L., Yalch, M. M., & Levendosky, A. A. Association between betrayal trauma and the PAI traumatic stress scale. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2024, 25 (3): 408- 418.
	Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. Growth following adversity: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 2006, 26 (8): 1041- 1053. DOI
	Kim, P. H., Ferrin, D. L., Cooper, C. D., & Dirks, K. T. Removing the shadow of suspicion: The effects of apology versus denial for repairing competence- versus integrity-based trust violations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004, 89 (1): 104- 118. DOI
	Klest, B., Tamaian, A., & Boughner, E. (2019). A model exploring the relationship between betrayal trauma and health: The roles of mental health, attachment, trust in healthcare systems, and nonadherence to treatment. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(6), 656–662.
	Lewicki, R. J., & Brinsfield, C. Trust repair. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2017, 4 (1): 287- 313. DOI
	Marriott, B. R., Lewis, C. C., & Gobin, R. L. (2016). Disclosing traumatic experiences: Correlates, context, and consequences. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(2), 141–148.
	Milan, S., & Dáu, A. L. B. T. The role of trauma in mothers’ COVID-19 vaccine beliefs and intentions. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2021, 46 (5): 526- 535. DOI
	Neil, L., Viding, E., Armbruster-Genc, D., Lisi, M., Mareschal, I., Rankin, G., … McCrory, E. Trust and childhood maltreatment: Evidence of bias in appraisal of unfamiliar faces. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2022, 63 (6): 655- 662. DOI
	Tomlinson, E. C. Trust repair in politically polarized workplaces. Human Resource Management Review, 2025, 35 (2): 101071. DOI
	van De Groep, S., Meuwese, R., Zanolie, K., Güroğlu, B., & Crone, E. A. (2020). Developmental changes and individual differences in trust and reciprocity in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30(Suppl.1), 192–208.
	van Den Bos, W., van Dijk, E., Westenberg, M., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & Crone, E. A. What motivates repayment? Neural correlates of reciprocity in the Trust Game. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2009, 4 (3): 294- 304. DOI
	van Den Bos, W., van Dijk, E., Westenberg, M., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & Crone, E. A. Changing brains, changing perspectives: The neurocognitive development of reciprocity. Psychological Science, 2011, 22 (1): 60- 70. DOI
	van Doesum, N. J., De Vries, R. E., Blokland, A. A. J., Hill, J. M., Kuhlman, D. M., Stivers, A. W., … van Lange, P. A. M. Social mindfulness: Prosocial the active way. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2020, 15 (2): 183- 193. DOI
	van Doesum, N. J., van Lange, D. A. W., & van Lange, P. A. M. Social mindfulness: Skill and will to navigate the social world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2013, 105 (1): 86- 103. DOI
	van Doesum, N. J., & van Lange, P. A. M. Individual differences in non-costly cooperation: Social mindfulness and social hostility. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, 101, 522.
	Vollhardt, J. R. Altruism born of suffering and prosocial behavior following adverse life events: A review and conceptualization. Social Justice Research, 2009, 22 (1): 53- 97. DOI
	Wang, S. S., Wang, X. Y., Chen, Y. X., Xu, Q. S., Cai, L. Y., & Zhang, T. Y. Association between relational trauma and empathy among male offenders in China. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2021, 31 (4): 248- 261. DOI
	Yalch, M. M., Dehart, R. M., & Ceroni, D. B. Influence of betrayal trauma on psychopathy. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2022, 23 (3): 296- 306.
	Yamagishi, T., & Yamagishi, M. Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 1994, 18 (2): 129- 166. DOI

变量	高感知社会善念		低感知社会善念		F_{感知社会善念}	F_背叛创伤	F_交互作用
变量	HBT组	LBT组	HBT组	LBT组	F_{感知社会善念}	F_背叛创伤	F_交互作用
真实	4.58$ \pm $0.90	4.35$ \pm $1.46	4.61$ \pm $1.15	4.70$ \pm $1.26	1.42	0.01	0.30
自利	2.11$ \pm $1.10	2.25$ \pm $0.91	3.72$ \pm $1.23	4.15$ \pm $1.14	41.31***	0.77	0.11
喜欢	4.05$ \pm $1.47	4.50$ \pm $1.10	3.56$ \pm $1.15	3.40$ \pm $0.82	6.64**	0.19	1.55
共事	4.21$ \pm $0.79	4.40$ \pm $0.99	3.78$ \pm $1.11	3.40$ \pm $0.99	7.90**	0.16	1.72
相遇	4.58$ \pm $1.02	4.25$ \pm $0.79	3.67$ \pm $1.03	3.60$ \pm $0.94	8.58**	0.91	0.21

变量	高感知社会善念		低感知社会善念		F_{感知社会善念}	F_背叛创伤	F_交互作用
变量	HBT组	LBT组	HBT组	LBT组	F_{感知社会善念}	F_背叛创伤	F_交互作用
真实	4.58$ \pm $0.90	4.35$ \pm $1.46	4.61$ \pm $1.15	4.70$ \pm $1.26	1.42	0.01	0.30
自利	2.11$ \pm $1.10	2.25$ \pm $0.91	3.72$ \pm $1.23	4.15$ \pm $1.14	41.31***	0.77	0.11
喜欢	4.05$ \pm $1.47	4.50$ \pm $1.10	3.56$ \pm $1.15	3.40$ \pm $0.82	6.64**	0.19	1.55
共事	4.21$ \pm $0.79	4.40$ \pm $0.99	3.78$ \pm $1.11	3.40$ \pm $0.99	7.90**	0.16	1.72
相遇	4.58$ \pm $1.02	4.25$ \pm $0.79	3.67$ \pm $1.03	3.60$ \pm $0.94	8.58**	0.91	0.21

	HBT组			LBT组
	第1轮投资	第2轮投资	投资数额变化	第1轮投资	第2轮投资	投资数额变化
高感知社会善念	2.47±1.35	4.26±1.00	1.79±1.03	3.75±1.16	4.75±1.37	1.00±0.92
低感知社会善念	3.56±1.29	2.06±1.31	−1.50±0.99	4.15±1.39	3.35±1.50	−0.80±0.89

	HBT组			LBT组
	第1轮投资	第2轮投资	投资数额变化	第1轮投资	第2轮投资	投资数额变化
高感知社会善念	2.47±1.35	4.26±1.00	1.79±1.03	3.75±1.16	4.75±1.37	1.00±0.92
低感知社会善念	3.56±1.29	2.06±1.31	−1.50±0.99	4.15±1.39	3.35±1.50	−0.80±0.89

变量	高感知社会善念		低感知社会善念		F_{感知社会善念}	F_背叛创伤	F_交互作用
变量	HBT组	LBT组	HBT组	LBT组	F_{感知社会善念}	F_背叛创伤	F_交互作用
真实	4.74$ \pm $0.81	4.85$ \pm $1.31	4.47$ \pm $1.12	4.70$ \pm $1.17	1.41	0.53	0.29
自利	2.32$ \pm $1.20	3.05$ \pm $1.47	3.89$ \pm $1.10	4.30$ \pm $0.92	13.56***	6.09*	0.10
喜欢	3.53$ \pm $1.54	4.35$ \pm $1.27	3.11$ \pm $0.81	3.55$ \pm $0.61	3.22	4.60*	0.62
共事	4.37$ \pm $1.01	4.05$ \pm $1.45	3.32$ \pm $0.75	3.20$ \pm $1.01	16.69***	0.43	0.49
相遇	4.53$ \pm $0.96	4.20$ \pm $1.28	3.42$ \pm $0.69	3.15$ \pm $0.93	15.50***	2.24	0.12