Different Patterns of Continuing Bonds and Their Relationships with Grief Symptoms During Acute Grief

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.03.015

Abstract

Abstract:

Continuing bonds (CB) is one of the common experiences following bereavement, yet its relationship with grief symptoms during acute grief remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the patterns and correlates of CB among recently bereaved adults, as well as to examine the variations in grief symptoms across distinct subgroups. In total, 159 recently bereaved adults completed the demographic inventory, the Inventory of Complicated Grief, and the Continuing Bond Scale. Latent profile analysis identified four CB subgroups: 1) lowest CB group; 2) higher internalized CB - lower externalized CB group; 3) moderate CB group and 4) highest CB group. Gender and age of the bereaved, as well as the relationship and intimacy of the bereaved with the deceased, significantly predicted subgroup memberships. Individuals in the lowest CB group exhibited the lowest level of grief symptoms. This study reveals qualitative differences in CB at the individual level among recently bereaved adults, underscoring the importance of tailored preventive interventions during the early phases of bereavement.

Key words: continuing bonds, acute grief, latent profile analysis

摘要：

持续性联结是丧亲者普遍产生的体验之一，其与急性哀伤期丧亲者哀伤症状的关系仍不明确。本研究旨在探索急性哀伤期丧亲者的持续性联结是否存在亚群体，并考察其预测因素，以及不同亚群体哀伤症状的差异。159名1年内丧亲的成年人完成了基本信息调查表、复杂性哀伤问卷和持续性联结问卷。潜剖面分析表明持续性联结表现存在4类亚群体：低联结组、较高内化−较低外化联结组、中等联结组和高联结组。性别、年龄、与逝者关系及亲密程度能显著预测丧亲者的亚群体归属，且低联结组丧亲者的哀伤症状最少。结果表明，急性哀伤期丧亲者的持续性联结存在质的差异，这有助于专业工作者在丧亲早期提供更有针对性的预防性干预。

关键词: 持续性联结, 急性哀伤, 潜剖面分析

Xinyi YU, Wenli QIAN, Jingjing HUANG, Jianping WANG. Different Patterns of Continuing Bonds and Their Relationships with Grief Symptoms During Acute Grief[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(3): 402-409.

于心怡, 钱文丽, 黄晶菁, 王建平. 急性哀伤期丧亲者持续性联结的不同模式及其与哀伤症状的关系[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(3): 402-409.

Figures/Tables 5

References 0

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人口学信息	M±SD或人数(%)	丧亲相关信息	M±SD或人数(%)
丧亲者性别		逝者性别
0=男性	61(38.4%)	0=男性	98(61.6%)
1=女性	98(61.6%)	1=女性	61(38.4%)
丧亲者年龄(岁)	30.31±11.51	逝者年龄	57.19±23.78
受教育程度		丧亲时长(月)	5.55±2.10
1=高中及以下	26(16.3%)	与逝者关系
2=本科/大专	106(66.7%)	0=一级亲属	98(62.4%)
3=硕士/博士	27(17.0%)	1=非一级亲属	59(37.6%)
宗教信仰		祖父母或其他亲属	41(26.1%)
0=无	145(91.2%)	伴侣	14(8.8%)
1=有	14(8.8%)	朋友	4(2.5%)
		去世原因
		1=非暴力原因	132(83.0%)
		2=暴力原因	27(17.0%)
		关系亲密度	1.69±0.76
		丧亲预期	2.07±1.17

人口学信息	M±SD或人数(%)	丧亲相关信息	M±SD或人数(%)
丧亲者性别		逝者性别
0=男性	61(38.4%)	0=男性	98(61.6%)
1=女性	98(61.6%)	1=女性	61(38.4%)
丧亲者年龄(岁)	30.31±11.51	逝者年龄	57.19±23.78
受教育程度		丧亲时长(月)	5.55±2.10
1=高中及以下	26(16.3%)	与逝者关系
2=本科/大专	106(66.7%)	0=一级亲属	98(62.4%)
3=硕士/博士	27(17.0%)	1=非一级亲属	59(37.6%)
宗教信仰		祖父母或其他亲属	41(26.1%)
0=无	145(91.2%)	伴侣	14(8.8%)
1=有	14(8.8%)	朋友	4(2.5%)
		去世原因
		1=非暴力原因	132(83.0%)
		2=暴力原因	27(17.0%)
		关系亲密度	1.69±0.76
		丧亲预期	2.07±1.17

类别数	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMR(p)	BLRT(p)	最小亚组占比(%)
1	8092.42	8190.63	8089.33
2	7388.65	7539.02	7383.91	0.929	0.003	<0.001	38.36
3	7167.28	7369.82	7160.90	0.924	0.037	<0.001	25.78
4	7023.01	7277.73	7014.99	0.950	0.047	<0.001	13.84
5	6938.08	7244.97	6928.42	0.951	0.286	<0.001	6.92

类别数	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMR(p)	BLRT(p)	最小亚组占比(%)
1	8092.42	8190.63	8089.33
2	7388.65	7539.02	7383.91	0.929	0.003	<0.001	38.36
3	7167.28	7369.82	7160.90	0.924	0.037	<0.001	25.78
4	7023.01	7277.73	7014.99	0.950	0.047	<0.001	13.84
5	6938.08	7244.97	6928.42	0.951	0.286	<0.001	6.92

类别	n	持续性联结总分 (M±SD)	内化联结 (M±SD)	外化联结 (M±SD)	内化、外化联结水平的差异检验
C1: 低联结组	48	1.88±0.38	2.10±0.53	1.52±0.49	t(47)=5.58 p<0.001
C2: 较高内化−较低外化联结组	56	3.06±0.39	3.77±0.44	1.88±0.56	t(55)=24.10 p<0.001
C3: 中等联结组	33	2.86±0.26	2.95±0.29	2.71±0.48	t(32)=5.58 p=0.020
C4: 高联结组	22	4.00±0.39	4.15±0.90	3.76±0.53	t(21)=3.41 p=0.003
类别间差异检验		C1 < C3 ≈ C2 < C4	C1 < C3 < C2 < C4	C1 < C2 < C3 < C4