父母协同教养对其教养压力的影响：亲子亲密性和亲子冲突性的中介作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于家庭系统理论和教养压力的亲子关系模型，采用问卷法对5362名小学生家长进行调查，从家庭系统中的关系视角探索协同教养与父母教养压力的关系，同时检验父母感知的亲子关系在二者之间的中介作用。结果表明：(1)协同教养中团结、冲突和贬低方式对教养压力具有显著的预测作用，一致性方式对教养压力的直接预测作用不显著；(2)亲子亲密性在团结性和冲突性协同教养与教养压力间起部分中介作用，在一致性协同教养与教养压力间起完全中介作用；亲子冲突性在团结性、冲突性和贬低性协同教养与教养压力间均起部分中介作用。研究从家庭关系层面探讨了父母教养压力的影响机制，强调关注家庭成员间的积极关系建设，通过营造积极的家庭关系氛围和良好的互动模式为父母提供支持，缓解父母的教养压力。

关键词: 协同教养, 教养压力, 亲子亲密性, 亲子冲突性, 家庭系统理论

Abstract:

Based on the family systems theory and the parent-child relationship model of parenting stress, a total of 5362 parents of primary school students were investigated by using questionnaires. From the perspective of relationships in the family system, the present study explored the relationship between co-parenting and parenting stress, as well as the mediating role of parental perception of parent-child relationship between the two. The results showed that: 1) Integrity, conflict, and disparagement in co-parenting could significantly predict parenting stress, while integrity had no significant predictive effect on parenting stress. 2) Parent-child intimacy played a partial mediating role between integrity/conflict in co-parenting and parenting stress, while it played a fully mediating role between consistent co-parenting and parenting stress; parent-child conflict partially mediated the relationship between integrity/conflict/disparagement in co-parenting and parenting stress. This study explored the impact mechanism of parenting stress from the perspective of family relationships, which provides a basis for intervention measures such as family therapy. The results emphasize the construction of positive relationships among family members, which aim to provide support for parents by creating a positive family relationship atmosphere and good interaction modes, that can alleviate parenting stress.

Key words: co-parenting, parenting stress, parent-child intimacy, parent-child conflict, family system theory

中图分类号:

B844

彭于珏, 郭成, 曾晋逸, 陈帅. 父母协同教养对其教养压力的影响：亲子亲密性和亲子冲突性的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(4): 488-495.

Yujue PENG, Cheng GUO, Jinyi ZENG, Shuai CHEN. The Relationship Between Parents’ Co-parenting and Parenting Stress: The Mediation Effect of Parent-Child Intimacy and Parent-Child Conflict[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(4): 488-495.

图/表 5

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变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.团结	5.24±1.07
2.一致	5.31±1.02	0.67***
3.冲突	2.53±1.00	−0.27***	−0.31***
4.贬低	1.94±1.02	−0.27***	−0.31***	0.75***
5.亲子亲密性	4.14±0.44	0.41***	0.28***	−0.13***	−0.12***
6.亲子冲突性	2.52±0.76	−0.27***	−0.24***	0.41***	0.38***	−0.13***
7.教养压力	2.34±0.64	−0.35***	−0.30***	0.54***	0.54***	−0.28***	0.65***

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.团结	5.24±1.07
2.一致	5.31±1.02	0.67***
3.冲突	2.53±1.00	−0.27***	−0.31***
4.贬低	1.94±1.02	−0.27***	−0.31***	0.75***
5.亲子亲密性	4.14±0.44	0.41***	0.28***	−0.13***	−0.12***
6.亲子冲突性	2.52±0.76	−0.27***	−0.24***	0.41***	0.38***	−0.13***
7.教养压力	2.34±0.64	−0.35***	−0.30***	0.54***	0.54***	−0.28***	0.65***

变量	家庭角色	M±SD	F	p	η $_{\rm{p}}^2 $
团结	父亲	5.19±1.04	6.33	0.012	0.001
团结	母亲	5.27±1.08	6.33	0.012	0.001
一致	父亲	5.32±0.97	4.87	0.027	0.001
一致	母亲	5.30±1.04	4.87	0.027	0.001
冲突	父亲	2.50±1.08	2.83	0.093	0.001
冲突	母亲	2.55±0.97	2.83	0.093	0.001
贬低	父亲	1.86±1.13	12.23	<0.001	0.002
贬低	母亲	1.97±0.97	12.23	<0.001	0.002
亲子亲密性	父亲	4.04±0.45	128.23	<0.001	0.023
亲子亲密性	母亲	4.18±0.42	128.23	<0.001	0.023
亲子冲突性	父亲	2.50±0.75	1.33	0.248	0.000
亲子冲突性	母亲	2.53±0.76	1.33	0.248	0.000
教养压力	父亲	2.36±0.67	3.04	0.082	0.001
教养压力	母亲	2.32±0.62	3.04	0.082	0.001

变量	家庭角色	M±SD	F	p	η $_{\rm{p}}^2 $
团结	父亲	5.19±1.04	6.33	0.012	0.001
团结	母亲	5.27±1.08	6.33	0.012	0.001
一致	父亲	5.32±0.97	4.87	0.027	0.001
一致	母亲	5.30±1.04	4.87	0.027	0.001
冲突	父亲	2.50±1.08	2.83	0.093	0.001
冲突	母亲	2.55±0.97	2.83	0.093	0.001
贬低	父亲	1.86±1.13	12.23	<0.001	0.002
贬低	母亲	1.97±0.97	12.23	<0.001	0.002
亲子亲密性	父亲	4.04±0.45	128.23	<0.001	0.023
亲子亲密性	母亲	4.18±0.42	128.23	<0.001	0.023
亲子冲突性	父亲	2.50±0.75	1.33	0.248	0.000
亲子冲突性	母亲	2.53±0.76	1.33	0.248	0.000
教养压力	父亲	2.36±0.67	3.04	0.082	0.001
教养压力	母亲	2.32±0.62	3.04	0.082	0.001

	直接效应		间接效应
	直接效应		亲子亲密性			亲子冲突性
	β	95%CI	β	95%CI	β	95%CI
团结→教养压力	−0.04*	[−0.078, −0.003]	−0.12***	[−0.135, −0.096]	−0.14***	[−0.163, −0.112]
一致→教养压力	0.02	[−0.017, 0.053 ]	0.01*	[ 0.002, 0.023 ]	0.01	[−0.017, 0.033]
冲突→教养压力	0.07*	[ 0.014, 0.125 ]	0.02*	[ 0.000, 0.030 ]	0.15***	[ 0.118, 0.187 ]
贬低→教养压力	0.25***	[ 0.194, 0.298 ]	−0.004	[−0.017, 0.010 ]	0.06***	[ 0.032, 0.096 ]