父母失败观与儿童能力实体观的关系：一项基于响应面分析的纵向研究

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明晰父母失败观与儿童能力实体观的关系，对于塑造儿童能力观具有重要意义。本研究以3680名小学五年级儿童及其父母为被试，探讨了父母失败观的一致性、差异性和儿童能力实体观的关系。结果表明：(1)父母失败观的一致性能够影响儿童能力实体观。在父母失败观水平一致时，父母失败观越消极，儿童能力实体观水平越高；(2)父母失败观的差异性方向能够影响儿童能力实体观。当父亲失败观更消极时，儿童能力实体观水平更高。结果揭示了父母消极失败观对儿童能力实体观的消极影响，以及父亲在塑造儿童能力实体观的重要作用。

关键词: 儿童能力实体观, 父母失败观, 多项式回归，响应面分析

Abstract:

Clarifying the relationship between parents’ failure mindsets and children’s fixed mindsets is important for shaping children’s mindsets. In the present study, 3680 fifth-grade children and their parents were surveyed to explore the relationship between the congruence and discrepancy of parents’ failure mindsets and children’s fixed mindsets. Results showed that: 1) The congruence of parents’ failure mindsets had a significant impact on children’s fixed mindsets. When parents’ failure mindsets reached congruence, parents’ failure-is-debilitating mindsets were positively related to children’s fixed mindsets. 2) Direction of the discrepancy of parents’ failure mindsets had a significant impact on children’s fixed mindsets. Children’s fixed mindsets were higher when fathers’ failure-is-debilitating mindsets were higher than mothers. The study reveals the negative impact of parents’ failure-is-debilitating mindsets on children’s fixed mindsets, highlighting the important role of fathers in shaping children’s fixed mindsets.

Key words: children’s fixed mindsets, parents’ failure mindsets, polynomial regression, response surface analysis

中图分类号:

B844

刘春晖, 张俊怡, 刘思佳, 郭筱琳, 罗良. 父母失败观与儿童能力实体观的关系：一项基于响应面分析的纵向研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(4): 479-487.

Chunhui LIU, Junyi ZHANG, Sijia LIU, Xiaolin GUO, Liang LUO. The Relationship Between Parents’ Failure Mindsets and Children’s Fixed Mindsets: A Longitudinal Study Based on Response Surface Analysis[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(4): 479-487.

图/表 8

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	M±SD	1	2	3	4
1.父亲失败观T1	2.96±0.69
2.母亲失败观T1	2.96±0.68	0.42***
3.儿童能力实体观T1	2.82±0.91	0.07***	0.06**
4.儿童能力实体观T2	2.82±0.96	0.11***	0.07***	0.42***
5.儿童能力实体观T3	2.72±0.93	0.11***	0.09***	0.36***	0.40***

	M±SD	1	2	3	4
1.父亲失败观T1	2.96±0.69
2.母亲失败观T1	2.96±0.68	0.42***
3.儿童能力实体观T1	2.82±0.91	0.07***	0.06**
4.儿童能力实体观T2	2.82±0.96	0.11***	0.07***	0.42***
5.儿童能力实体观T3	2.72±0.93	0.11***	0.09***	0.36***	0.40***

	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
父母失败观量表
因素模式相同模型	1625.05	49	0.897	0.86	0.09	0.11
因素载荷等价模型	1637.47	54	0.896	0.87	0.09	0.11
截距等价模型	1687.96	60	0.893	0.88	0.09	0.11
儿童能力实体观量表
因素模式相同模型	1283.59	54	0.886	0.86	0.08	0.15
因素载荷等价模型	1316.91	60	0.883	0.87	0.08	0.16
截距等价模型	1370.86	68	0.879	0.88	0.07	0.16

	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
父母失败观量表
因素模式相同模型	1625.05	49	0.897	0.86	0.09	0.11
因素载荷等价模型	1637.47	54	0.896	0.87	0.09	0.11
截距等价模型	1687.96	60	0.893	0.88	0.09	0.11
儿童能力实体观量表
因素模式相同模型	1283.59	54	0.886	0.86	0.08	0.15
因素载荷等价模型	1316.91	60	0.883	0.87	0.08	0.16
截距等价模型	1370.86	68	0.879	0.88	0.07	0.16

	T2儿童能力实体观	T3儿童能力实体观
	B(SE)	B(SE)
截距	2.84(0.03)***	2.76(0.03)***
控制变量
儿童性别	–0.11(0.03)**	–0.11(0.03)**
儿童年龄	0.05(0.05)	–0.00(0.04)
父亲年龄	0.00(0.01)	0.01(0.01)
母亲年龄	–0.01(0.01)	–0.02(0.01)**
父亲受教育水平	–0.03(0.03)	–0.03(0.03)
母亲受教育水平	–0.00(0.02)	–0.00(0.02)
家庭年可支配收入	0.01(0.01)	–0.00(0.01)
T1儿童能力实体观	0.42(0.02)***	0.36(0.02)***
自变量
T1父亲失败观(b₁)	0.11(0.03)***	0.06(0.03)*
T1母亲失败观(b₂)	0.02(0.03)	0.06(0.03)*
T1父亲失败观平方(b₃)	0.03(0.03)	–0.00(0.03)
T1父母失败观乘积(b₄)	0.01(0.03)	–0.02(0.03)
T1母亲失败观平方(b₅)	–0.00(0.03)	0.02(0.03)
ΔR²	0.01	0.01
一致性线
斜率(a₁)	0.13***	0.12***
曲率(a₂)	0.04	0.00
不一致性线
斜率(a₃)	0.10*	0.01
曲率(a₄)	0.02	0.03