冲动性的潜类别及其与自杀风险的关系：基于个体中心的潜在剖面分析

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自杀是我国大学生群体中的非正常死因之一。本研究从个体为中心的角度，探究冲动性特质的潜类别与自杀风险之间的关系，采用自杀意念量表和冲动行为量表对857名大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现，冲动性存在四个潜类别：缺乏毅力−考虑型、均衡型、低急迫−缺乏毅力型和高急迫−快感寻求型，且四种类别在自杀意念和风险上存在显著差异。结果表明，缺乏毅力−考虑型和高急迫−快感寻求型两个冲动性亚类别是自杀风险的高危群体。

关键词: 冲动性, 自杀意念, 自杀风险, 潜剖面分析

Abstract:

Suicide is one of the major causes of death for college students. Based on an individual-centered perspective, this study explored the relationship between the potential categories of impulsivity traits and suicidal ideation and suicide risk. The Chinese Version of Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI-CV) and the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 857 college students. The results found that there were four potential categories of impulsivity traits: lack of perseverance - premeditation, balanced, low urgency - lack of perseverance, and high urgency - sensation seeking. The four categories differed in their performance in suicidal ideation and suicide risk. The results suggest that the two subcategories of impulsive personality traits (lack of perseverance - premeditation and high urgency - sensation seeking) are high-risk areas for suicide.

Key words: impulsivity, suicidal ideation, suicide risk, latent profile analysis

中图分类号:

B849

杨洋, 杨亚楠, 邱少劼, 李莹娜, 刘羽, 贾绪计, 林琳. 冲动性的潜类别及其与自杀风险的关系：基于个体中心的潜在剖面分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(4): 564-572.

Yang YANG, Yanan YANG, Shaojie QIU, Yingna LI, Yu LIU, Xuji JIA, Lin LIN. Trait Impulsivity and Its Relationship with Suicide Risk: Based on Latent Profile Analysis[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(4): 564-572.

图/表 10

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变量	n	占比 (%)	变量	n	占比 (%)
性别			家庭所在地
男	150	17.50	城镇	595	69.43
女	707	82.50	乡村	262	30.57
家庭成员自杀史			家庭月收入(元)
有	26	3.03	<2999	1	0.12
无	831	96.97	3000～5999	79	9.22
朋友或同学自杀史			6000～8999	597	69.66
有	102	11.90	9000～11999	163	19.02
无	755	88.10	12000～14999	17	1.98
			>15000	N/A

变量	n	占比 (%)	变量	n	占比 (%)
性别			家庭所在地
男	150	17.50	城镇	595	69.43
女	707	82.50	乡村	262	30.57
家庭成员自杀史			家庭月收入(元)
有	26	3.03	<2999	1	0.12
无	831	96.97	3000～5999	79	9.22
朋友或同学自杀史			6000～8999	597	69.66
有	102	11.90	9000～11999	163	19.02
无	755	88.10	12000～14999	17	1.98
			>15000	N/A

	缺乏预先考虑		急迫性		快感寻求		缺乏毅力		自杀风险		自杀意念
	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t
性别
男(n=150)	20.67±5.34	−3.98***	29.76±7.11	1.32	30.50±7.22	3.64***	21.08±3.75	−1.87	5.49±7.44	0.33	0.72±1.49	0.03
女(n=707)	22.54±4.72	−3.98***	28.95±5.81	1.32	28.35±6.40	3.64***	21.70±3.49	−1.87	5.27±7.13	0.33	0.72±1.33	0.03
家庭成员自杀史
有(n=26)	20.46±5.80	−1.86	30.65±6.97	1.33	30.58±7.49	1.45	20.91±2.81	−1.00	11.05±8.78	3.40**	1.54±1.90	2.24*
无(n=831)	22.27±4.84	−1.86	29.04±6.03	1.33	28.67±6.57	1.45	21.61±3.56	−1.00	5.14±7.06	3.40**	0.70±1.33	2.24*
朋友或同学自杀史
有(n=102)	22.81±4.47	1.42	30.41±5.29	2.35*	29.36±6.03	1.03	22.55±3.13	2.93**	8.08±9.19	3.33**	1.44±1.83	4.36***
无(n=755)	22.13±4.93	1.42	28.91±6.14	2.35*	28.64±6.67	1.03	21.46±3.58	2.93**	4.94±6.79	3.33**	0.63±1.25	4.36***
家庭所在地
城镇 (n=595)	22.04±4.93	−1.55	29.24±6.17	1.04	29.12±7.09	−2.96**	21.37±3.55	−2.78**	5.32±7.22	−0.07	0.76±1.38	1.29
乡村 (n=262)	22.60±4.75	−1.55	28.77±5.82	1.04	27.84±5.23	−2.96**	22.10±3.47	−2.78**	5.32±7.12	−0.07	0.63±1.31	1.29

	缺乏预先考虑		急迫性		快感寻求		缺乏毅力		自杀风险		自杀意念
	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t	M±SD	t
性别
男(n=150)	20.67±5.34	−3.98***	29.76±7.11	1.32	30.50±7.22	3.64***	21.08±3.75	−1.87	5.49±7.44	0.33	0.72±1.49	0.03
女(n=707)	22.54±4.72	−3.98***	28.95±5.81	1.32	28.35±6.40	3.64***	21.70±3.49	−1.87	5.27±7.13	0.33	0.72±1.33	0.03
家庭成员自杀史
有(n=26)	20.46±5.80	−1.86	30.65±6.97	1.33	30.58±7.49	1.45	20.91±2.81	−1.00	11.05±8.78	3.40**	1.54±1.90	2.24*
无(n=831)	22.27±4.84	−1.86	29.04±6.03	1.33	28.67±6.57	1.45	21.61±3.56	−1.00	5.14±7.06	3.40**	0.70±1.33	2.24*
朋友或同学自杀史
有(n=102)	22.81±4.47	1.42	30.41±5.29	2.35*	29.36±6.03	1.03	22.55±3.13	2.93**	8.08±9.19	3.33**	1.44±1.83	4.36***
无(n=755)	22.13±4.93	1.42	28.91±6.14	2.35*	28.64±6.67	1.03	21.46±3.58	2.93**	4.94±6.79	3.33**	0.63±1.25	4.36***
家庭所在地
城镇 (n=595)	22.04±4.93	−1.55	29.24±6.17	1.04	29.12±7.09	−2.96**	21.37±3.55	−2.78**	5.32±7.22	−0.07	0.76±1.38	1.29
乡村 (n=262)	22.60±4.75	−1.55	28.77±5.82	1.04	27.84±5.23	−2.96**	22.10±3.47	−2.78**	5.32±7.12	−0.07	0.63±1.31	1.29

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.冲动性总分	101.63±11.52
2.缺乏预先考虑	22.21±2.27	0.42***
3.急迫性	29.09±2.93	0.70***	−0.06
4.快感寻求	28.73±3.54	0.57***	−0.17***	0.28***
5.缺乏毅力	21.59±1.83	0.41***	0.40***	0.13***	−0.24***
6.自杀意念	0.72±0.72	0.21***	0.05	0.16***	0.05	0.23***
7.自杀风险	5.32±4.74	0.23***	0.03	0.22***	0.11**	0.15***	0.60***
8.年龄	18.53±0.82	0.07*	−0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.13***	0.09**